mortality/aging
• less than 50% of mutants with DSS-induced colitis survive to day 15, while less than 10% mortality is observed in controls
|
adipose tissue
• increase in fat mass
• supplementation with the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine abolishes the increased fat mass
|
• mice fed a high-fat diet show a higher epididymal fat mass than controls
|
• mice fed a high-fat diet show higher renal fat mass than controls
|
growth/size/body
• increase in fat mass
• supplementation with the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine abolishes the increased fat mass
|
• increase in body weight of 5 month old mice
|
• weight gain in AZO-DSS treated mutants is twice that in controls
|
• 8 week old mice fed a high-fat diet show a higher body weight gain than wild-type mice, even though food consumption does not differ
• treatment with N-acetylcysteine at the starting of a high-fat diet abolishes body weight difference between mutant and wild-type mice
|
• high-fat diet induced liver weight is increased compared to controls
|
liver/biliary system
• high-fat diet induced liver weight is increased compared to controls
|
• high-fat diet induced steatosis is greater in mutants than in wild-type mice
• treatment with N-acetylcysteine at the starting of a high-fat diet abolishes the hepatic steatosis difference between mutant and wild-type mice
|
neoplasm
• in mutant and control mice treated with azoxymethane (AZO) and cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ingestion, macroscopic tumors in the colon are observed in ~92% of mutants at 9 weeks, compared to ~61% of controls
• multiplicity is 2-fold higher in mutants
• treatment of mice with either AZO or DSS alone is sufficient to induce tumors in mutants after 7 months, whereas no treated wild-type mice develop tumors
|
digestive/alimentary system
• after 9 days of DSS treatment, mucosal ulcerations are more severe in mutants
|
• crypt damage is greater in mutants than in wild-type with induced colitis
|
• inflammation is exacerbated in mutants with colitis than in diseased wild-type mice
• 3-fold higher higher numbers of cells showing NF kappaB activation are observed in mutants with colitis
|
• mutant mice are more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis than wild-type
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• crypt damage is greater in mutants than in wild-type with induced colitis
|
immune system
• inflammation is exacerbated in mutants with colitis than in diseased wild-type mice
• 3-fold higher higher numbers of cells showing NF kappaB activation are observed in mutants with colitis
|
• mutant mice are more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis than wild-type
|
cellular
• large number of lipid droplets in immortalized MEFs
• upon oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide treatment, immortalized MEFs show an increase in lipid droplets compared to wild-type MEFs
• treatment of MEFs with the antioxidant NAC results in a reduction in lipid droplets
• treatment of MEFs with a PPAR-gamma inhibitor (GW-9662) prevents lipid droplet accumulation
|
• mitochondrial mass is higher in immortalized MEFs
|
• increase in the number of mitochondria in immortalized MEFs
|
• immortalized MEFs exhibit impaired mitophagy of dysfunctional mitochondrial pool
• immortalized MEFs show accumulation of autophagic vacuoles containing mitochondria, indicating a block in late stage of mitophagy
• treatment with hydrogen peroxide has no effect on autophagic vacuole accumulation
|
• increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-producing activity in immortalized MEFs
• mitochondria occupy a smaller surface in hydrogen peroxide-treated immortalized MEFs than in wild-type MEFs, suggesting impaired ability of mitochondria to cope with stress
|
• analysis of respiratory chain complexes shows decreased activity of complex IV in immortalized MEFs
|
• mitochondrial oxygen consumption analysis shows decreased oxygen flow in immortalized MEFs, indicating impaired oxidative phosphorylation
|
• mutants show increased plasma and colon radical-induced oxidative stress vs wild-type
(J:118867)
• after colitis-induction, mutant colons produce more free radicals than wild-type and have lower antioxidant ascorbate levels
(J:118867)
• increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-producing activity in immortalized MEFs
(J:233434)
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• immortalized MEFs exhibit impaired mitophagy of dysfunctional mitochondrial pool
• immortalized MEFs show accumulation of autophagic vacuoles containing mitochondria, indicating a block in late stage of mitophagy
• treatment with hydrogen peroxide has no effect on autophagic vacuole accumulation
|
• 8 week old mice fed a high-fat diet show a higher body weight gain than wild-type mice, even though food consumption does not differ
• treatment with N-acetylcysteine at the starting of a high-fat diet abolishes body weight difference between mutant and wild-type mice
|
• mice fed a high-fat diet develop hyperglycemia
• however, mice fed a standard diet are not hyperglycemic
|
• mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit greater hyperinsulinemia than wild-type mice
• however, mice fed a standard diet are not hyperinsulinemic
|
• mice fed a standard diet are glucose intolerant
• mice fed a high-fat diet show further development of glucose intolerance
|
• mice fed a standard diet are insulin resistant
• mice fed a high-fat diet show further development of insulin resistance
|
• less than 50% of mutants with DSS-induced colitis survive to day 15, while less than 10% mortality is observed in controls
|
• in mutant and control mice treated with azoxymethane (AZO) and cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ingestion, macroscopic tumors in the colon are observed in ~92% of mutants at 9 weeks, compared to ~61% of controls
• multiplicity is 2-fold higher in mutants
• treatment of mice with either AZO or DSS alone is sufficient to induce tumors in mutants after 7 months, whereas no treated wild-type mice develop tumors
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 1 | DOID:14221 |
OMIM:605552 |
J:233434 |