Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
| N |
• assessments from 2 to 20 days of age found normal results in the following behavioral tests: crossed extensor reflex, forelimb/hindlimb placing, rooting reflex, negative geotaxis, grasp reflex, vibrissa placing, and eye opening
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• the hyperactivity can be diminished by treatment with d-amphetamine, but methylphenidate increases the hyperactivity
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• amphetamine-treated mice exhibit a reduction in locomotor activity unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
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• heterozygous have a developmental delay in learning to right themselves, righting themselves more slowly at 5 through 9 days of age but righting themselves comparably with wild-type controls from 11 through 13 days of age
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• from 13 to 20 days of age pups supported their weight for a significantly shorter time in the bar holding task
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head bobbing
(
J:30380
)
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• first observed in a minority of heterozygotes at 11 days of age, in half of the pups by 14 days of age, and in all adults
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• the hyperactivity can be diminished by treatment with d-amphetamine, but methylphenidate increases the hyperactivity
(J:32588)
• all heterozygotes are much more active than wild-type controls and this hyperactivity can be reduced by subcutateous or intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin DSP-4, which depletes norepinephrine
(J:150776)
• mice exhibit hyperactivity compared with wild-type mice
(J:156905)
• however, treatment with amphetamine reduces locomotor activity
(J:156905)
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• by 11 days of age in increased reactivity to touch is found, with this exaggerated responsiveness increasing at 14 days of age and decreasing at 20 days of age
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nervous system
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• in the basal and middle regions of the cochleas, occasional short regions of only two rows of outer hair cells are present instead of the normal 3
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• extra hair cells in the inner hair cell row are seen in the base and apex
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• the very apical 10-35% of the cochlea, show an increase in outer hair cell rows, having 4-5 rows instead of the normal 3
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• brain slices treated with potassium chloride in the presence of calcium give a 35% increase in norepinephrine release from the striatum and nucleus accumbens compared with wild type controls
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• in the basal and middle regions of the cochleas, occasional short regions of only two rows of outer hair cells are present instead of the normal 3
|
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• extra hair cells in the inner hair cell row are seen in the base and apex
|
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• the very apical 10-35% of the cochlea, show an increase in outer hair cell rows, having 4-5 rows instead of the normal 3
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• anterior and posterior canal truncations near the ampullae, however the lateral canal is normal, and the respective ampullae are small or absent
• when the ampulla is present, the canal is still truncated
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vision/eye
iris coloboma
(
J:72108
)
|
• iris colobomas
|
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• in 27% of heterozygotes one eye fails to open
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growth/size/body
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• although the body weight of heterozygotes is comparable to wild-type siblings until 7 days of age, from 7 days of age on they weigh less
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• extracellular dopamine levels are increased more than 80% compared to in wild-type mice
• however, dopamine extraction fraction is normal
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | DOID:1094 |
OMIM:143465 OMIM:608903 OMIM:608904 OMIM:608905 OMIM:608906 OMIM:612311 OMIM:612312 |
J:1371 | |
