neoplasm
• the median appearance of skin papillomas after topical application of carcinogens is five to six weeks earlier than in littermate controls
• mice have significantly greater numbers of papillomas 20 weeks after carcinogen treatment with a mean of 7 compared to 3 in littermate controls
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integument
• the percentage of proliferating epithelial cells after TPA administration is twice that of littermate controls
• reduced levels of active caspase 3 were observed in the skin of mice treated with carcinogens suggesting apoptosis levels might be lower
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• mice develop a significantly thickened hyperdermis after three topical applications of TPA
• thickness is twice that of wild-type mice after TPA application
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• the median appearance of skin papillomas after topical application of carcinogens is five to six weeks earlier than in littermate controls
• mice have significantly greater numbers of papillomas 20 weeks after carcinogen treatment with a mean of 7 compared to 3 in littermate controls
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