mortality/aging
• mice die within 2 days of birth
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• the spaces between the remaining ductal epithelia are filled with stromal tissue, including fibroblasts and smooth musce cells
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• very few beta cells are present between E17.5 and P1
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• at E13.5, pancreatic precursor cells fail to expand resulting in fewer than normal glucagon+ and amylase+ cells
• pancreatic development is arrested at the early pancreatic cord stage
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• the pancreas occupies 19% relative area compared to in wild-type mice
• the numbers of endocrine cells, exocrine cells, and total epithelial tissue is severely decreased compared to in wild-type mice with remaining cells exhibiting an almost exclusively ductal phenotype
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homeostasis/metabolism
digestive/alimentary system