mortality/aging
• fewer than expected homozygotes are found at weaning
• no further losses were detected during behavioral testing
|
• fewer than expected homozygotes are found at weaning
|
growth/size/body
• males weigh about 11% less than wild-type littermates
• no significant difference in weight is detected for females
|
behavior/neurological
• spend more time floating immobile in a forced swim test and more time immobile in a tail suspension test
|
• mice spend less time in the open arms and have fewer entries into the open arms in an elevated plus maze
• treatment with clonidine attenuates the increase in anxiety related behaviors
|
• increase in freezing in response to the context alone in a fear conditioning test
|
• pronounced decrease in locomotor activity in a variety of assays
• activity in the home cage is reduced in the light phase but not in the dark phase
|
nervous system
N |
• no anatomical or histological defects are detected in the brain
|
• norepinephrine levels are significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex
• 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a metabolite of norepinephrine) levels are elevated in the nucleus accumbens
• choline and acteylcholine levels in the striatum are reduced
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• norepinephrine levels are significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex
• 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a metabolite of norepinephrine) levels are elevated in the nucleus accumbens
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome | DOID:11119 |
OMIM:137580 |
J:145441 |