Analysis Tools
cellular
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG and hCG, the majority of mutant oocytes exhibit signs of degeneration
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mortality/aging
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• although mutant females display normal fertility and cycling at 2-3 months of age, they gradually lose fertility leading to near complete infertility by 6 months of age
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reproductive system
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
• following injection of PMSG alone or PMSG+hCG, mutant ovaries develop multiple hemorrhagic follicles, rarely observed in wild-type ovaries
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG and hCG, the majority of mutant oocytes exhibit signs of degeneration
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• at 4 months of age, mutant ovaries display interstitial hypertrophy
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females display reduced numbers of corpora lutea relative to age-matched control females
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females exhibit increased numbers of late preantral and early antral stage follicles
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG +hCG, most theca cells in mutant ovaries are abnormally located in interstitial areas, in contrast to wild-types ovaries where Cyp17-positive cells are mostly found in the theca interna of preovulatory follicles
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG +hCG injections, ovaries of 6-month-old mutant females are more heavily populated with theca (Cyp17-positive) cells than wild-type ovaries
• similarly, on the day of diestrus, ovaries of 4- and 10-month-old mutant females exhibit higher numbers of Cyp17-positive cells than wild-type ovaries
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• at 4 months of age, unstimulated mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
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• although mutant females display normal fertility and cycling at 2-3 months of age, they gradually lose fertility leading to near complete infertility by 6 months of age
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG and hCG, significantly fewer numbers of oocytes are retrieved from the oviducts of 6-mo-old mutant females than from age-matched wild-type control females (6 vs 22 oocytes, respectively)
• in contrast, only marginally smaller numbers of oocytes are retrieved at 2 months of age (20 vs 27 oocytes)
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• at 4 months of age or later, all mutant females display an irregular pattern of estrous cycles relative to age-matched control littermates
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• at 4- and 6 months of age, all mutant females exhibit a prolonged diestrous phase relative to age-matched control littermates
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• female mutants become infertile before they reach 6 months of age
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growth/size/body
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• at 4 months of age, unstimulated mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
• following injection of PMSG alone or PMSG+hCG, mutant ovaries develop multiple hemorrhagic follicles, rarely observed in wild-type ovaries
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• unexpectedly, at 4 months of age, mutant anterior pituitaries show a 2-fold increase in gonadotroph cell number relative to wild-type controls, with an approximately similar level of LH content in each cell
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• at 4 months of age, mutant ovaries display interstitial hypertrophy
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females display reduced numbers of corpora lutea relative to age-matched control females
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females exhibit increased numbers of late preantral and early antral stage follicles
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG +hCG, most theca cells in mutant ovaries are abnormally located in interstitial areas, in contrast to wild-types ovaries where Cyp17-positive cells are mostly found in the theca interna of preovulatory follicles
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• following induction of superovulation with PMSG +hCG injections, ovaries of 6-month-old mutant females are more heavily populated with theca (Cyp17-positive) cells than wild-type ovaries
• similarly, on the day of diestrus, ovaries of 4- and 10-month-old mutant females exhibit higher numbers of Cyp17-positive cells than wild-type ovaries
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• at 4 months of age, unstimulated mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• at 2- and 6-months of age, mutant females exhibit moderately increased basal levels of serum testosterone relative to wild-type control females
• in contrast, no significant differences in serum FSH or estradiol levels are observed
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• in mutant females, serum LH levels are either markedly lower (2 months) or undetectable (6 months) relative to those in age-matched wild-type controls
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nervous system
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• unexpectedly, at 4 months of age, mutant anterior pituitaries show a 2-fold increase in gonadotroph cell number relative to wild-type controls, with an approximately similar level of LH content in each cell
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cardiovascular system
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• at 4 months of age, mutant females display signs of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts; however, hemorrhagic cysts are significantly fewer than those observed in Esr1tm1.1Mma females
• following injection of PMSG alone or PMSG+hCG, mutant ovaries develop multiple hemorrhagic follicles, rarely observed in wild-type ovaries
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