cellular
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• vHaras-induced foci formation in primary keratinocytes is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type and single homozygous cells indicating increased tumorgenicity
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• keratinocyte proliferation is increased compared to in wild-type cells
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• age-related senescence in the epidermis in vivo is almost absent compared to in wild-type mice
• vHaras-induced premature senescence of primary keratinocytes is decreased compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
• however, calcium- and Tgfb-induced cell growth arrest is normal
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neoplasm
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• 2 tumors are observed when keratinocytes are transplanted into nude mice unlike when wild-type cells are used
• all nude mice transplanted with keratinocytes infected with a vHaras-expressing retrovirus develop poorly differentiated SCCs with spindle cell morphology unlike nude mice receiving similarly treated wild-type cells
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integument
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• mice exhibit altered expression of several markers of epidermis differentiation compared with wild-type mice
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• age-related senescence in the epidermis in vivo is almost absent compared to in wild-type mice
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• as determined by marker expression, in vitro keratinocyte differentiation is altered compared with similarly treated cells from wild-type mice and single homozygotes
• vHaras-induced premature senescence of primary keratinocytes is decreased while foci formation is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type cells and single homozygous
• however, calcium- and Tgfb-induced cell growth arrest is normal
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• keratinocyte proliferation is increased compared to in wild-type cells
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