cardiovascular system
• cross-sectional area is 2.6-fold larger than in wild-type mice
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• at 6 to 9 months, the weight of the left atria is 3.6-fold greater than in wild-type mice
• mice exhibit increased heart to body weight compared with wild-type mice that is more severe in males and older mice
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• mice exhibit atrial and ventricular hypertrophy compared with wild-type mice
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• males (at 10 weeks) and females (at 10 and 30 weeks) exhibit increased collagen deposition compared with wild-type mice
• percent fractional area with collagen is 10- to 20-fold higher than in wild-type mice
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• when stimulated with 1 Hz, total developed force and developed force normalized to cross-sectional area are 2.6-fold and 6.6-fold, respectively, compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• 6 Hz stimulation produces a 44% reduction of developed force with an increase in basal tension in the atria compared with 25% in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• after 3 months, mice exhibit decreased heart rate compared with wild-type mice that is accentuated by lower heart rate in mice with chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter
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• 9 of 13 mice exhibit premature atrial beats unlike wild-type mice
• mice exhibit atrial arrhythmias with premature atrial beats and runs of atrial fibrillation or flutter unlike wild-type mice
• male mice exhibit a higher frequency of spontaneous and inducible atrial arrhythmias and a higher frequency of spontaneous premature atrial beats than female mice unlike wild-type mice
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• in 10 of 13 mice
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• upon single premature atrial stimuli, hearts exhibit slow atrial conduction and reentrant atrial tachycardias unlike similarly treated wild-type heart
• however, lowering the extracellular calcium ion concentration eliminates inducible atrial arrhythmias
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• older female mice exhibit with abnormal atrioventricular node (AVN) conduction with longer AVN Wenckebach periodicity and longer effective and functional refractory periods compared with wild-type mice
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• the HV intervals are prolonged and more horizontal cardiac electrical axes compared to in wild-type mice
• male mice exhibit longer HV intervals than female mice unlike wild-type mice
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• male mice exhibit longer QRS than female mice unlike wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit prolonged QT intervals compared with wild-type mice
• young males exhibit prolonged PR intervals compared with wild-type mice
• male mice exhibit longer PR than female mice unlike wild-type mice
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• myocytes exhibit altered intracellular calcium ion activity and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion content compared with wild-type mice
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muscle
• when stimulated with 1 Hz, total developed force and developed force normalized to cross-sectional area are 2.6-fold and 6.6-fold, respectively, compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• 6 Hz stimulation produces a 44% reduction of developed force with an increase in basal tension in the atria compared with 25% in similarly treated wild-type mice
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growth/size/body
• at 6 to 9 months, the weight of the left atria is 3.6-fold greater than in wild-type mice
• mice exhibit increased heart to body weight compared with wild-type mice that is more severe in males and older mice
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• mice exhibit atrial and ventricular hypertrophy compared with wild-type mice
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
dilated cardiomyopathy | DOID:12930 |
OMIM:PS115200 |
J:104759 |