mortality/aging
• die beginning at 2-3 weeks of age
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• die beginning at 2-3 weeks of age
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behavior/neurological
cardiovascular system
• mice exhibit interictal cardiac abnormalities
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• prolonged bradycardia, with extended periods of sinus bradycardia lasting many minutes
• however, overall basal heart rate is similar to wild-type, although the heart rate is more variable than in controls
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• excessive premature ventricular contractions
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• mice exhibit multiple patterns of functional cardiac rhythm disturbances
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• 5-fold increase in AV conduction blocks compared to controls
• most common AV block is type I, second-degree block characterized by a PR interval that progressively lengthened until the QRS complex was dropped
• less often, type 2, second-degree blocks are seen in which the heart skipped one or more beats without obvious PR lengthening
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muscle
nervous system