mortality/aging
• die soon after E16.5
|
cardiovascular system
• discontinuance of the ascending aortic arch with the descending aorta, indicating improper pattering of the aortic arch due to a left fourth aortic arch defect
|
• the outflow tract does not fully septate into a pulmonary artery and aorta in some cases, resulting in the persistence of a common outflow vessel
|
craniofacial
• severe craniofacial defects are seen by E14.5
|
• although pharyngeal arches appear similar to wild-type in emergence, size and shape, expression of Dlx2 and Fgf8 are downregulated in pharyngeal arch 1
• apoptosis is increased in the first pharyngeal arch at E11.5
|
embryo
• although pharyngeal arches appear similar to wild-type in emergence, size and shape, expression of Dlx2 and Fgf8 are downregulated in pharyngeal arch 1
• apoptosis is increased in the first pharyngeal arch at E11.5
|
hematopoietic system
immune system
nervous system
• loss of neural crest cell derived neuronal tissue from the thoracic sympathetic ganglia
|
• loss of neural crest cell derived neuronal tissue from the dorsal root ganglia
|
skeleton
• neural crest cell derived maxillary and mandibular regions of the face and frontonasal process lack cartilaginous tissue, however mesodermally derived cartilage near the base of the skull is present
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
DiGeorge syndrome | DOID:11198 |
OMIM:188400 |
J:166758 |