mortality/aging
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• 50% of mice dying by 11 months of age
• mice exhibit decreased life span compared with Dmdmdx homozygotes
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muscle
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• by 3 months, mice exhibit necrotic foci in the heart unlike wild-type mice
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• in the quadriceps at 6 weeks of age
• fibrosis in the diaphragm is increased compared to in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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• more severe than in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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• at 8 months, mice exhibit impaired diaphragm and cardiac peak force compared with Dmdmdx homozygotes
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behavior/neurological
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• at 8 months on a rotarod to a greater extent than in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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• at 8 months to a greater extent than in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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immune system
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• in muscles compared to in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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• in muscles compared to in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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hematopoietic system
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• in muscles compared to in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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• in muscles compared to in Dmdmdx homozygotes
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cardiovascular system
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• by 3 months, mice exhibit necrotic foci in the heart unlike wild-type mice
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