cardiovascular system
• some embryos show hypoplastic left ventricle and only a narrow flow stream from the aorta, while the pulmonary artery shows a robust flow and those with hypoplastic left heart synrome can have at E14.5 hypoplastic aorta, aortic valve atresia, hypertrophied left ventricle with no lumen, mitral valve stenosis and patent foramen ovale
|
• fetal cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle have short myofilament bundles with increased branching and poorly defined Z bands, and increased phosphorylated histone and TUNEL labeling with decreased Ki67 in the left ventricle and decreased anaphase-telophase in mitotic cardiomyocytes, consistent with cell cycle arrest
|
• left ventrical cardiomyocyte mitochondria are smaller than normal, have an abnormal shape, and have a low-density matrix with fewer cristae
|
• some exhibit double outlet right ventricle either with or without hypoplasia of the aorta or left ventricle
|
• mitral valve hypoplasia
|
• hypoplasia
|
cellular
• left ventrical cardiomyocyte mitochondria are smaller than normal, have an abnormal shape, and have a low-density matrix with fewer cristae
|
craniofacial
micrognathia
(
J:175213
)
limbs/digits/tail
kinked tail
(
J:175213
)
skeleton
micrognathia
(
J:175213
)
growth/size/body
muscle
• left ventrical cardiomyocyte mitochondria are smaller than normal, have an abnormal shape, and have a low-density matrix with fewer cristae
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
hypoplastic left heart syndrome | DOID:9955 |
OMIM:241550 OMIM:614435 |
J:175213 |