Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• in the elevated plus maze, mutants spend more than half the session time on the open arms and moved freely on them compared to wild-type mice that remain mostly on the closed arms, indicating reduced fear of height
• in the light/dark box text, mutants spent more time in the brightly illuminated space than wild-type mice, although the number of transitions between light and dark spaces did not differ
• in the open-field test, mutants spend a longer time in the central area than wild-type mice and exhibit higher levels of locomotor activity, indicating reduced fear of open spaces
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• in the elevated plus maze, mutants spend more than half the session time on the open arms and moved freely on them compared to wild-type mice that remain mostly on the closed arms, indicating reduced fear of height
• in the light/dark box text, mutants spent more time in the brightly illuminated space than wild-type mice, although the number of transitions between light and dark spaces did not differ
• in the open-field test, mutants spend a longer time in the central area than wild-type mice and exhibit higher levels of locomotor activity, indicating reduced fear of open spaces
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• in the open-field test, mutants exhibit higher levels of locomotor activity
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• in the hole-board test, while wild-type mice explore different holes in a random or successive manner, mutants show a tendency towards making repeated head-dips into the same hole, indicating stereotyped dip behavior; occurrence of stereotypic dip was significantly greater, however the total number of head-dips did not differ from wild-type
• mutants show a tendency to perform consecutive head-dips of more than 4 repetitions, a behavior not seen in wild-type mice
• however, mutants do not exhibit spontaneous stereotypic behavior such as jumping, circling, paw flapping or self-grooming
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• in the hot plate test, mutants exhibit shorter latency to respond to thermal stimuli indicating sensory hypersensitivity
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• mutants exhibit reduced nest-building activity
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• in a separation-reunion test with siblings, mutants show less interactions with siblings after reunion
• in the resident-intruder test, while wild-type mice explore the intruder extensively, mutants seldom chase the intruder and instead frequently show behaviors of avoidance, such as freezing and moving away
• in the social dominance tube test, mutants almost always retreat out of the tube and lose
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• ultrasonic vocalization emitted by mutants is reduced significantly in terms of number, duration, and amplitude of calls in response to female odor compared to wild-type mice
• complexity of ultrasonic vocalization is reduced compared to wild-type mice
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nervous system
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• excitatory synaptic transmission is altered in amygdala neurons
• however, mutants do not exhibit overt abnormalities in the overall morphology of the amygdala or in the morphology of dendritic arbors and spines in pyramidal neurons of the basolateral amygdala
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• mutants exhibit depressed input-output curve of compound excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the basolateral amygdala
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• mutants exhibit reduced AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic strength in basolateral amygdala neurons
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• frequency of mEPSCs is reduced in mutant basolateral amygdala pyramidal neurons
• amplitude of mEPSCs is reduced in basolateral amygdala neurons, indicating that AMPA receptor-mediated postsynaptic activity is reduced
• however, neither the rising nor the decay of time of mEPSCs is altered, indicating that channel kinetics of AMPA receptors is preserved
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| autism spectrum disorder | DOID:0060041 | J:182220 | ||
