Analysis Tools
nervous system
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• increased diameters, decreased number of branches, and decreased total lengths of microglia branches microglia within the caudoputamen and substatia nigra of antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and mice rederived under germ-free conditions
• GF mice colonized with SPF gut microbiota or fed short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) exhibit increased microglia diameter in the frontal cortex, but not the cerebellum, compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, SPF mice treated with antibiotics postnatally (Abx) exhibit wild-type microglia diameter whether or not they are fed SCFA
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• mice rederived under germ-free conditions (GF) or fail to exhibit a reduction in microglia maturation and/or activation state unlike similarly treated wild-type mice relative to antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice
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• in the caudoputamen and substatia nigra of antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice
• however, mice rederived under germ-free conditions exhibit fewer alpha synuclein aggregates; and supplementation with short chain fatty acids does not alter alpha-synuclein aggregation
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• alpha-synuclein protein accumulates in synapses and neurons throughout the brain, including the neuropil of presynaptic terminals, thalamus, substantia nigra, neocortex, limbic system, hippocampus; in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells
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behavior/neurological
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• in antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice at 12-13 week and in aged mice
• GF mice colonized with SPF gut microbiota or fed short chain fatty acids exhibit as severe defects as SPF mice
• however, mice rederived under germ-free conditions exhibit similar performance to wild-type mice
• however, SPF mice treated with antibiotics postnatally (Abx) perform similar to wild-type and mice raised in germ-free conditions
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• at 12-13 week, antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice require more time to cross a challenging beam and to descend a pole and take longer to remove an adhesive from the nasal bridge compared with SPF wild-type mice
• aged mice rederived under germ-free conditions (GF) require more time to cross a challenging beam and to descend a pole and take longer to remove an adhesive from the nasal bridge compared with SPF wild-type mice
• GF mice colonized with live SPF gut microbiota exhibit as severe defects as SPF mice
• GF mice fed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) exhibit impaired performance compared with controls
• however, 12-13 week old mice rederived under germ-free conditions (GF) exhibit reduced deficits in pole descent time and normal time to cross a beam or remove an adhesive
• however, SPF mice treated with antibiotics postnatally (Abx) perform similar to wild-type and mice raised in germ-free conditions
• however, treatment of short chain fatty acid fed nice with an anti-inflammatory compound minocycline improves motor function
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• in both antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and mice rederived under germ-free conditions at 12-13 week and in aged mice
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digestive/alimentary system
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• antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice exhibit reduced fecal pellet water content compared with wild-type mice
• GF mice colonized with SPF gut microbiota exhibit reduced fecal output as in SPF mice
• GF mice fed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) exhibit reduced fecal output compared with controls
• however, mice rederived under germ-free conditions exhibit fecal pellet water content
• however, SPF mice treated with antibodies postnatally exhibit less severe reduction in fecal output
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constipation
(
J:238066
)
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• in both antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice at 12-13 week and in aged mice
• however, mice rederived under germ-free conditions exhibit fecal output at 12-13 week and in aged mice
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growth/size/body
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• in both antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice at 12-13 week and in aged mice
• however, mice rederived under germ-free conditions exhibit normal weight at 12-13 week and in aged mice
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hematopoietic system
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• increased diameters, decreased number of branches, and decreased total lengths of microglia branches microglia within the caudoputamen and substatia nigra of antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and mice rederived under germ-free conditions
• GF mice colonized with SPF gut microbiota or fed short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) exhibit increased microglia diameter in the frontal cortex, but not the cerebellum, compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, SPF mice treated with antibiotics postnatally (Abx) exhibit wild-type microglia diameter whether or not they are fed SCFA
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• mice rederived under germ-free conditions (GF) or fail to exhibit a reduction in microglia maturation and/or activation state unlike similarly treated wild-type mice relative to antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice
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immune system
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• increased diameters, decreased number of branches, and decreased total lengths of microglia branches microglia within the caudoputamen and substatia nigra of antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and mice rederived under germ-free conditions
• GF mice colonized with SPF gut microbiota or fed short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) exhibit increased microglia diameter in the frontal cortex, but not the cerebellum, compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, SPF mice treated with antibiotics postnatally (Abx) exhibit wild-type microglia diameter whether or not they are fed SCFA
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• mice rederived under germ-free conditions (GF) or fail to exhibit a reduction in microglia maturation and/or activation state unlike similarly treated wild-type mice relative to antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| Parkinson's disease 1 | DOID:0060367 |
OMIM:168601 |
J:137490 | |
