nervous system
• at 6 weeks, the lateral ventricles are enlarged in volume
• at 6 weeks, the normal asymmetry between the left and right lateral ventricles is lost or even reversed
• T2-weighted right value for the thalamus is increased compared to in wild-type mice
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• increase in the levels of dopamine D2 receptor in the striatum
• dopamine transporter is increased in the striatum
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• a significant, but modest, reduction in parvalbumin, but not calbindin, immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex at 3 months of age, indicating abnormal neural synchrony in this region
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• when prepulse is 74 dB, prepulse inhibition is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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behavior/neurological
• mice take longer to find hidden food pellets
• however, mice do not display anxiety-associated behaviors, and exhibit normal spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze, working memory in a Y-maze, and social interactions
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• mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to metamphetamine, showing a greater augmentation in locomotion compared to wild-type littermates
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• mice exhibit immobility when forced to swim
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• mice places in an open field for 2 hours exhibit hyperactivity predominantly in the second hour
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homeostasis/metabolism
• baseline extracellular dopamine is decreased in the ventral striatum
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• mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to metamphetamine, showing a higher increase in extracellular dopamine in the ventral striatum compared to wild-type littermates
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
schizophrenia | DOID:5419 |
OMIM:181500 |
J:124683 , J:194985 |