growth/size/body
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• females are significantly smaller than controls
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mortality/aging
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• die prematurely beginning shortly after weaning
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• 11 females compared to 17 for controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• significantly elevated, higher than in Car5atm1Sly homozygotes
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• fasting blood sugar is significantly lower than in controls
• blood sugar is similar to controls when fed
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cellular
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• reduced oxidative stress in the brain
• elevated levels of glutathione
• reduced SOD, HNE, and 3-NT
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