growth/size/body
• 20% reduction in body weight at P2, P10, and P120
|
behavior/neurological
• in a novel object recognition task, mice are impaired in ability to discriminate between novel and familiar objects, indicating recognition memory deficits
• however, exploration time during habituation phase is not different from wild-type mice
|
• in the elevated plus maze, mice spend less time exploring the open arms, indicating anxiety-like behavior
• in the open field, mice show a decrease in the frequency of entering the center, the middle, and outer parameter of the open field chamber during the first 5 minutes of exploration and a 35% decrease in the total distance traveled
|
nervous system
• increase in the number of proliferating progenitors at early and mid-neurogenesis (E12.5 and E14.5) in both the ventricular zone and subventricular zone
|
• 30% decrease in calretinin-positive interneurons in the upper layers of the cortex
|
• modest reduction in brain size during early postnatal development, with a 7% difference by P10, which persists into adulthood
|
• reduced cortical area, specifically anteroposterior length and cortical length at P2 and p10
|
• 20-30% decrease in upper layer cortical projection neurons
|
• 11% increase in layer VI corticothalamic Tbr1+ projection neurons
|
• mice show enhanced neuronal progenitor proliferation and premature cell cycle exit, resulting in premature depletion of progenitor pools, and altering the number and frequency of neurons ultimately populating cortical lamina
• mice show a 20% decrease in the frequency of Brn1+ neurons generated at E14.5
• progenitors in the telencephalon show premature cell cycle exit during mid-neurogenesis
|
• reduction in the number of Pax6+ radial glia
|
• mice exhibit a decrease in basal progenitor number and generation, resulting in premature progenitor pool depletion
• generation and number of Tbr2+ intermediate progenitor cells are decreased
• the number of Pax6+Tbr2+ progenitors is reduced by 40% and the number of transitioning Pax6+Tbr2+ progenitors is reduced
• the number of Tbr2+ intermediate progenitor cells in the cortical proliferation zones is reduced by nearly 20%
|
cellular
• reduction in the number of Pax6+ radial glia
|
• increase in the number of proliferating progenitors at early and mid-neurogenesis (E12.5 and E14.5) in both the ventricular zone and subventricular zone
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
autism spectrum disorder | DOID:0060041 | J:219859 |