mortality/aging
• mice appear unwell and are moribund 4 days after tamoxifen injection
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digestive/alimentary system
• goblet cells are less numerous in the intestinal epithelium of tamoxifen treated mice
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• tamoxifen treated mice show numerous apoptotic bodies in the crypts and higher number of apoptotic cells in the elongated crypts
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• marker analysis indicates that the intestinal mucosa of tamoxifen treated mice lacks differentiation into enterocytes, goblet, or enteroendocrine cells and is committed to the Paneth cell lineage, although most of the cells do not show typical granules indicating that they do not undergo full differentiation to the Paneth cell lineage
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• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit an increase in cell proliferation in intestinal epithelium
• tamoxifen treated mice show slowed migration of epithelial cells along the crypt-villus axis in the epithelium
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• tamoxifen treated mice show dysplasia in the crypt all along the small intestine, including pseudostratification, enlargement of the nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and basophil accumulation
• the crypt compartment of tamoxifen treated mice is greatly expanded
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• tamoxifen treated mice show some rare lesions in the proximal colon which show characteristics similar to the small intestinal dysplasia
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• tamoxifen treated mice show dysplasia in the crypt all along the small intestine, including pseudostratification, enlargement of the nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and basophil accumulation
• the crypt compartment of tamoxifen treated mice is greatly expanded
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cellular
• goblet cells are less numerous in the intestinal epithelium of tamoxifen treated mice
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• tamoxifen treated mice show numerous apoptotic bodies in the crypts and higher number of apoptotic cells in the elongated crypts
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