cardiovascular system
• 83% of hearts exhibit outflow tract defects such as persistent truncus arteriosus and double outlet right ventricle
|
• in 33% of E12.5 embryos
|
• atrioventricular cushions fail to undergo remodeling
|
cellular
• increase in apoptosis in the retina, neural crest cells, the thymus, neuroepithelium, and otic vesicles
|
• decrease in proliferation in the retina, neural crest cells, the thymus, neuroepithelium, and otic vesicles
|
craniofacial
• E13.5 or older embryos commonly exhibit craniofacial defects, including square-shaped faces, short lower jaws, cleft lip and cleft palate
|
• short lower jaws 74% of embryos
|
square face
(
J:217080
)
• square-shaped faces in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
• in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
cleft palate
(
J:217080
)
• in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
• protruding tongue due to short jaw
|
• 41% of embryos exhibit defects in external ear formation
|
digestive/alimentary system
cleft palate
(
J:217080
)
• in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
• protruding tongue due to short jaw
|
embryo
• neural tube closure defects
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
small thymus
(
J:217080
)
growth/size/body
square face
(
J:217080
)
• square-shaped faces in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
• in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
cleft palate
(
J:217080
)
• in some E13.5 or older embryos
|
• protruding tongue due to short jaw
|
• 41% of embryos exhibit defects in external ear formation
|
hearing/vestibular/ear
• 41% of embryos exhibit defects in external ear formation
|
• 71% of embryos exhibit a spectrum of inner ear defects, ranging from mild (either truncated posterior semi-circular canal or fused to the common crus) to highly abnormal (extreme inner ear bone malformation)
|
hematopoietic system
small thymus
(
J:217080
)
immune system
small thymus
(
J:217080
)
limbs/digits/tail
mortality/aging
• embryonic lethality between E13.5 and E15.5
|
nervous system
• neural tube closure defects
|
exencephaly
(
J:217080
)
• 63 % of E13.5 or older embryos exhibit exencephaly
|
renal/urinary system
• kidneys show branching defects
|
small kidney
(
J:217080
)
skeleton
• short lower jaws 74% of embryos
|
• reduction in bone density in the cranium, nasal cavity, ulna, humerus, mandible and femur
|
• delay in bone formation in embryos
|
vision/eye
• in 59% of embryos
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
CHARGE syndrome | DOID:0050834 |
OMIM:214800 |
J:217080 |