Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• mutants show normal behavior in the open field test, with no differences in total distance traveled, total time mobile, and total vertical rearing activity, normal behavior on the rotarod, and normal behavior in the tail suspension test, indicating that depression-related behavior is not affected
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• mutants show memory deficits in the novel object recognition test, with mutants showing no preference for novel object 2 when it replaced the familiar object 1 after 24 hours, indicating impaired long-term recognition memory
• however, short term memory is normal, with mutants interacting with a novel object similarly to controls after 1 hour
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• mutants exhibit enhanced spatial memory in the Morris water maze; within 4 training days, mutants take less time and swim shorter distance to reach the platform, and show a higher percentage of successful rate of finding the hidden-platform within 60 seconds
• mutants show decreased travel distance, longer duration, and greater travel frequency into the platform quadrant after the platform is removed
• in a three-zone assessment with concentric circles of different diameters surrounding the platform, mutants show better navigation to the target, have shorter latencies to reach the smallest target zone, spend longer time, and enter more in the target zones, indicating that mutants can memorize the position of the platform in relation to spatial cues with higher accuracy
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• in the marble burying test, mutants take more time to start to bury the marbles, however the final number of buried marbles is not different from controls, indicating that mutants dig more frequently in a shorter active period
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• in the open field test, mice have less center distance traveled with similar velocities, and show less center entry and a longer latency to enter the center region, indicating increased anxiety
• in the 5-min open field test, mice spend less time in the center region
• in the elevated plus maze, mutants enter the closed arms much earlier than controls and take longer to enter the open arms, they prefer the closed arms more often than the open arms, they enter the closed arms more frequently than controls, and the distance they travel in the open arm is much less than in controls
• mutants are reluctant to enter the distal half of the open arms of the elevated plus maze
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• in the contextual fear conditioning freezer test, mutants do not decrease the percentage of freezing at the third day of extinction tests, indicating the memory extinction is impaired
• however, no differences were seen in the contextual fear conditioning test during the first 2 days, suggesting intact fear memory
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• mutants fail to show social novelty behavior in the social interaction test session when an unfamiliar mouse is introduced in the empty chamber
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• mutants spend more time grooming than controls
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• mutants exhibit increased head-dipping behavior, especially at the center region of the plus maze apparatus, indicating compulsive-like behavior
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• mutants exhibit increased head-dipping behavior, especially at the center region of the plus maze apparatus, indicating compulsive-like behavior
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• mutants perform worse on nest building test than controls
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nervous system
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• neuronal activation is reduced in the cortex, but not in the amygdala or hippocampus regions
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| autism spectrum disorder | DOID:0060041 | J:236989 | ||
