Analysis Tools
immune system
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• mild inflammatory processes are seen in the hearts of some arthritic mice
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• severe deletion of HA-specific 6.5+CD4+CD8- single-positive thymocytes indicating deletion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, although a subset of 6.5+CD4+ T cells evades deletion and accumulates in spleens and lymph nodes
• modest increase in the percentages of CD4+CD8- Foxp3+ thymocytes and of CD4+Foxp3+ splenocytes, however, the numbers of these cells that express the clonotypic TS1 TCR are reduced, reflecting severe deletion of clonotype-expressing thymocytes
• increase in frequency of IL-17-secreting CD4+ T cells in the joint-draining lymph nodes and spleens of arthritic mice
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• arthritic mice exhibit a higher level of serum IgG than control Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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• proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in serum of arthritic mice compared to single Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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• interleukin-6 levels are increased in serum of arthritic mice compared to single Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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• swollen joints show a high degree of synovitis
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• majority of mice spontaneously develop inflammatory arthritis, showing overt joint inflammation and swelling affecting both front and rear paws
• joint inflammation first becomes evident between 6 and 8 weeks of age, and by 14 weeks almost all mice show at least one inflamed paw
• penetrance of arthritis is similar in males and females
• inflammatory arthritis develops in mice despite substantial deletion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells and despite the formation of Foxp3+ Tregs
• treatment of prearthritic mice with anti-TNF antibody results in a reduction in arthritis penetrance associated with a reduced accumulation of Th17 cells in the joints but has no effect on CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs
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• mild inflammatory processes are seen in the kidneys of some arthritic mice
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hematopoietic system
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• severe deletion of HA-specific 6.5+CD4+CD8- single-positive thymocytes indicating deletion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, although a subset of 6.5+CD4+ T cells evades deletion and accumulates in spleens and lymph nodes
• modest increase in the percentages of CD4+CD8- Foxp3+ thymocytes and of CD4+Foxp3+ splenocytes, however, the numbers of these cells that express the clonotypic TS1 TCR are reduced, reflecting severe deletion of clonotype-expressing thymocytes
• increase in frequency of IL-17-secreting CD4+ T cells in the joint-draining lymph nodes and spleens of arthritic mice
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• arthritic mice exhibit a higher level of serum IgG than control Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in serum of arthritic mice compared to single Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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• interleukin-6 levels are increased in serum of arthritic mice compared to single Tg(Tcra/Tcrb)1Vbo/0 mice
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cardiovascular system
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• mild inflammatory processes are seen in the hearts of some arthritic mice
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renal/urinary system
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• mild inflammatory processes are seen in the kidneys of some arthritic mice
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respiratory system
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• extensive perivascular infiltrates in the lungs of arthritic mice
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skeleton
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• swollen joints show a high degree of synovitis
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• majority of mice spontaneously develop inflammatory arthritis, showing overt joint inflammation and swelling affecting both front and rear paws
• joint inflammation first becomes evident between 6 and 8 weeks of age, and by 14 weeks almost all mice show at least one inflamed paw
• penetrance of arthritis is similar in males and females
• inflammatory arthritis develops in mice despite substantial deletion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells and despite the formation of Foxp3+ Tregs
• treatment of prearthritic mice with anti-TNF antibody results in a reduction in arthritis penetrance associated with a reduced accumulation of Th17 cells in the joints but has no effect on CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs
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• swollen joints show a high degree of articular degeneration
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