mortality/aging
• mice administered a single low dose (4 mg/kg) of tamoxifen to induce cre recombination survive 2 months and then die with multiple abnormalities
• tamoxifen-administered mice treated with rapamycin show improved survival but no improvement in organ abnormalities such as liver and spleen disorganization with aberrant vascularization
|
• mice start to rapidly die after 40 mg/kg tamoxifen administration, with 50% of mortality at day 9
• tamoxifen-administered mice treated with BYL719 are alive after 40 days, however interruption of BYL719 treatment 40 days after tamoxifen-administration leads to rapid death
• tamoxifen-administered mice treated with rapamycin show improved survival but no improvement in organ abnormalities such as liver and spleen disorganization with aberrant vascularization
|
growth/size/body
kidney cyst
(
J:264410
)
• kidney cysts in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• organomegaly is seen in mice administered a single low dose of tamoxifen
|
cardiovascular system
• vessel abnormalities in tamoxifen-administered mice
• tamoxifen-administered mice treated with BYL719 show normal vessels
|
• ecstatic venous channels with a thin endothelial cell lining, surrounded by sparse, erratically distributed vascular smooth muscle cells and a disorganized extracellular matrix are seen in mice administered a low dose of tamoxifen
|
• severe vessel dilation in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• intra-abdominal hemorrhages in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• hepatic hemorrhages in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
cellular
• high number of proliferating cells in affected organs of tamoxifen-administered mice
• however, no changes in apoptosis are seen
• tamoxifen-administered mice treated with BYL719 show a reduction in proliferation
|
hematopoietic system
• loss of spleen microarchitecture integrity in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
immune system
• loss of spleen microarchitecture integrity in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• expansion of lymphatic vessels in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
limbs/digits/tail
• mice administered a single low dose of tamoxifen progressively develop asymmetrical overgrowth of extremities, disseminated voluminous tumors and subcutaneous vascular abnormalities
• low-dose tamoxifen administered mice treated with BYL719 show improvement of the overgrowth of extremities, however, withdrawal of BYL719 leads to the development of asymmetric extremity hypertrophy within 4 weeks
|
liver/biliary system
• hepatic hemorrhages in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• severe liver steatosis with vessel disorganization in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
muscle
• muscle hypertrophy in tamoxifen-administered mice
• mice treated with BYL719 7 days after cre induction show improved muscle hypertrophy
|
neoplasm
• low dose tamoxifen-administered mice develop tumors that are lipomatous tumors and severe vascular lesions mixing venous and arterial vessels
• low-dose tamoxifen administered mice treated with BYL719 show reduced and disappearance of visible tumors within 2 weeks
• withdrawal of BYL719 from the low-dose tamoxifen administered mice leads to recurrence of tumors
• low-dose tamoxifen-administered mice treated with rapamycin show no effect on tumor growth
|
renal/urinary system
kidney cyst
(
J:264410
)
• kidney cysts in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
• fibrosis of the kidney with aberrant vessels in tamoxifen-administered mice
|
skeleton
• scoliosis in tamoxifen-administered mice
• mice treated with BYL719 7 days after cre induction show improved scoliosis
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
CLOVES syndrome | DOID:0080351 |
OMIM:612918 |
J:264410 |