Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• absence of the external aprismatic enamel layer on the incisors
• hypoplastic areas are seen in the external prismatic enamel layer
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• less well-defined rods and inter-rod structures in the prismatic enamel layer
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• 2 of 6 have a deviated nasal bone and one had a shortened nasal bone
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narrow head
(
J:265027
)
|
• decreased head width
|
round head
(
J:265027
)
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• at birth
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• decreased head length
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• decreased body length
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• at 8 weeks of age
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• continues after birth with mice being smaller at 8 weeks of age
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craniofacial
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• short occipital bone with a slighter reduction in width
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• reduction is not as severe as in the nasal, occipital, and frontal bones
• reduction in width is less severe than in length
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• absence of the external aprismatic enamel layer on the incisors
• hypoplastic areas are seen in the external prismatic enamel layer
|
|
• less well-defined rods and inter-rod structures in the prismatic enamel layer
|
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• significant increase in the angle formed by the two hemi-mandibles
|
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• 2 of 6 have a deviated nasal bone and one had a shortened nasal bone
|
narrow head
(
J:265027
)
|
• decreased head width
|
round head
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth
|
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• decreased head length
|
skeleton
| N |
• no large joint dislocations are detected at birth or 8 weeks of age
• interparietal bone length is similar to controls
|
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• short occipital bone with a slighter reduction in width
|
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• reduction is not as severe as in the nasal, occipital, and frontal bones
• reduction in width is less severe than in length
|
|
• absence of the external aprismatic enamel layer on the incisors
• hypoplastic areas are seen in the external prismatic enamel layer
|
|
• less well-defined rods and inter-rod structures in the prismatic enamel layer
|
|
• significant increase in the angle formed by the two hemi-mandibles
|
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• 2 of 6 have a deviated nasal bone and one had a shortened nasal bone
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• increased ossification
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• increased ossification
|
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• enlarged distal condyles, more prominent proximal trochanters and shorter necks at 8 weeks of age
• femur metaphysis sections show a triangular rather than elliptical shape
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• increased ossification
|
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• reduced femur epiphysis size
|
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• shorter and thicker long bones at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
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• at birth and 8 weeks of age
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short radius
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
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short femur
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
short tibia
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
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• shorter and thicker long bones at birth and 8 weeks of age
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• decreased in trabecular but not cortical bones
|
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• significantly lower bone volume/total volume ratio for both trabecular and cortical bones
|
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• decrease in thickness but not number
|
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• significant reduction in heparan sulfate levels in cartilage but not in muscle tissue
|
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• the different chondrocyte layers are less discernible
• staining indicates the presence of more collagen fibers
|
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• proliferative chondrocytes are more tightly packed and the thickness of the proliferative zone is reduced
|
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• thickness is reduced to two or three cells and the alignment of these cells is anarchic
|
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• growth plates are much thinner
|
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• increased ossification in the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
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limbs/digits/tail
brachypodia
(
J:265027
)
|
• both hind and forefeet are shorter
• autopod is not as severely affected as the stylopod and zeugopod
|
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• increased ossification
|
|
• increased ossification
|
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
short radius
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
|
• enlarged distal condyles, more prominent proximal trochanters and shorter necks at 8 weeks of age
• femur metaphysis sections show a triangular rather than elliptical shape
|
short femur
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
short tibia
(
J:265027
)
|
• at birth and 8 weeks of age
|
|
• increased ossification
|
respiratory system
|
• 2 of 6 have a deviated nasal bone and one had a shortened nasal bone
|
