Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• average body weight is lower at 10-13 weeks of age
• mice with hydrocephalus have reduced body weight relative to mutant mice without hydrocephalus
• however, mice exhibit normal body temperature
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behavior/neurological
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• in the cued test, the freezing time of mutants is increased without conditional stimulus on the day after conditioning and the tendency is maintained for 30 days
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• in the open field test, mice exhibit reduced exploratory behaviors, including distance traveled and vertical activity, however time spend in the center area does not differ from wild-type mice
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• in the Barnes maze, mutants exhibit a similar latency in reaching the target across acquisition sessions as wild-type mice, but in the probe trial 24 hours after the acquisition, mutants spend more time around the target hole than wild-type mice, suggesting normal spatial learning ability and improved memory
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• in the Barns maze, mutants exhibit elevated perserveration, as indicated by a longer latency in reaching a target box in the opposite location during the reversal task
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• in the elevated plus maze, mice show a lower number of entries into open and closed arms, a lower percentage of entries into open arms, spend less time in the open arms, and travel a lower total distance indicating increased anxiety-like behaviors
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• exposure to intense stimuli such as electric foot shock or forced swim test induces larger locomotor responses than in wild-type mice
• in the contextual and cued fear conditioning test, mutants show less freezing during conditioning than wild-type mice, similar levels of freezing as wild-type mice in the context test, and more freezing in the altered context in the absence of a conditioned stimulus indicating an increase in fear generalization
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• freezing time caused by conditional stimulus in the cued test 30 days after conditioning is longer suggesting enhanced long-term fear memory
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• startle reflex responses caused by 110 dB stimuli are reduced
• however, startle responses caused by 120 dB are similar as in wild-type mice
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• in the rotarod test, the latency of falling off the accelerating rotating rod is lower
• in the balance beam test, mice exhibit slower movement speed, longer duration of movement, and higher number of slips when crossing wide or narrow beams
• the number of movements is higher on the narrow beam and the latency of reaching the goal is larger on the wide beam
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• grip strength and the length of falling off the wire mesh in the wire hang test are lower
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• in the open field test, mice show stereotypic counts that possibly reflect repetitive behaviors
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• in the hot-plate test, latency of paw responses to a nociceptive stimulus tend to be higher
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• mice exhibit altered social behavior in the home cage, showing increased contact time with each other, however, overall activity levels are normal
• however, in a novel environment, mice exhibit normal social behavior in the social interaction test and the three-chamber test
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cardiovascular system
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• mice with hydrocephalus exhibit brains with a cavity with new vascularization
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nervous system
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• mice with hydrocephalus exhibit brains with a cavity with new vascularization
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hydrocephaly
(
J:271850
)
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• 5 of 9 mice exhibit severe hydrocephalus
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• mice with hydrocephalus have enlarged lateral ventricle
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• mice with hydrocephalus show corruption of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus
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• in response to a 110 dB stimulus, heterozygotes exhibit levels of prepulse inhibition (PPI) stimulus similar to wild-type littermates but at 120 dB, the PPI is lower than that of wild-type mice
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| autism spectrum disorder | DOID:0060041 | J:271850 | ||
