Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• in the force swimming test, aged, but not young, females exhibit higher durations of immobility indicating depression-like behavior
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• aged, but not young, females spend less time in the light side of the compartment than controls in the light-dark box test indicating anxiety-like behavior
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cardiovascular system
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• hearts show narrowing of the cardiac chamber lumen at 14 months of age
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• myofibrillar disarray
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• right ventricular wall and apical hypertrophy
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• left atrial mass is increased
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• heart weight to body weight ratio is reduced in 12-13 month old mice
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• relative wall thickness is increased as early as 3 months of age
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• mice exhibit mild diastolic dysfunction with an increase in isovolumic relaxation time and decreased mitral valve early peak flow velocity/atrial peak flow velocity and enhanced systolic function with a decrease in the isovolumic contraction at 9 and 14 months of age
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• higher stroke volume when normalized to heart weight, indicating augmented systolic function
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• aged females exhibit altered cardiac contraction and relaxation, demonstrated by higher IVRT and lower IVCT
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• ejection fraction is increased at 3 and 9 month of age
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• aged females exhibit altered cardiac contraction and relaxation, demonstrated by higher IVRT and lower IVCT
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• mice exhibit impaired muscle relaxation, with a decrease in the the diastolic velocity (-dP/dt)
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• the end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and left ventricular dimensions are reduced at all ages tested and ejection fraction is increased at 3 and 9 months of age
(J:274007)
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• echocardiography in young females indicates higher ejection fraction, higher mitral valve late atrial peak flow velocity (MV A) and lower left ventricular volume during systole and a trend toward higher isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), higher factional shortening, lower mitral valve early peak flow velocity/late atrial peak flow velocity (MV E/A), and higher ventricular volume during indicating diastolic dysfunction
(J:249978)
• echocardiography in aged females indicates MV A, lower MV E/A, higher IVRT and lower isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT), poorer left ventricle myocardial performance (LV MPI) and increased LV MPI nonfilling times indicating diastolic dysfunction
(J:249978)
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• higher maximal left ventricular pressure values and minimal left ventricular pressure values
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• aged females exhibit lower heart rate, indicating bradycardia in mice under anesthesia
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• cardiomyocytes exhibit reduced diastolic sarcomeric length, increased shortening, and prolonged calcium and contractile transients
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• 16-18 month old mice exhibit increased expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers indicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the left atrial enlargement is suggestive of restrictive cardiomyopathy-like phenotype
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• aged females exhibit adrenal gland hypertrophy while young females show a trend toward increased adrenal gland weight
• however, plasma cortisol and IL-6 levels are normal in young and aged females
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muscle
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• myofibrillar disarray
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• right ventricular wall and apical hypertrophy
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• aged females exhibit altered cardiac contraction and relaxation, demonstrated by higher IVRT and lower IVCT
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• ejection fraction is increased at 3 and 9 month of age
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• aged females exhibit altered cardiac contraction and relaxation, demonstrated by higher IVRT and lower IVCT
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• mice exhibit impaired muscle relaxation, with a decrease in the the diastolic velocity (-dP/dt)
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• 16-18 month old mice exhibit increased expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers indicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the left atrial enlargement is suggestive of restrictive cardiomyopathy-like phenotype
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nervous system
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• mice exhibit a smaller prefrontal cortex index and a trend towards a smaller hippocampus
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• ECG indicates lower heart rate variability, lower coefficient of variation, and lower root-mean square of the successive difference (RMSSD), lower levels of total power, reduced low frequency component of heart rate variance, and reduced high frequency component of heart rate variance, indicating sympathetic nervous system excitation and reduced efferent vagal activity
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growth/size/body
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• right ventricular wall and apical hypertrophy
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cellular
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 13 | DOID:0110319 |
OMIM:613243 |
J:249978 , J:274007 | |
