Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• mice spend more time in the center area of the open field at 3 and 6 months of age, but not at 11 months, indicating either reduced anxiety or disinhibition to a novel environment
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• mice exhibit cognitive deficits in the Barnes maze, taking longer to locate and enter the escape box at 3, 6, and 11 months of age, indicating impaired spatial memory
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• mice show somewhat lower levels of motor coordination on the accelerating rotorod at 3, 6, and 11 months of age
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• in the grid hang test, mice hang on the inverted grid for less time at 3, 6, and 11 months of age
• mice exhibit a weaker forelimb grip strength when analyzed with the force meter
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• 3 month old males, but not females, show a decrease in vertical rearing behavior
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• males, but not females, are hypoactive in the open field at 3 months of age
• however, no differences in activity levels are seen at 6 or 11 months of age
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growth/size/body
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• mice weigh less than controls at weaning
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muscle
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• muscle tissue shows atrophic fibers indicative of neurogenic muscle atrophy
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nervous system
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• mice exhibit accumulation of conformationally altered abnormally phosphorylated tau in the brain
• rostral and hippocampal brain region show more tau pathology than hindbrain regions
• however, neurofibrillary tangles are not seen even at 24 months of age
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• dystrophic neurites and abnormal neuritic processes are seen throughout the brain and especially in the striatum and cortex
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• grossly dilated axons are prevalent in the spinal cord, hindbrain, and cortex and seen in the striatum which are immunoreactive for pathological tau
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