Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• decrease in basal heart rate
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• mice exhibit sinus bradycardia at programmed electrical stimulation baseline
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• ventricular tachycardia is inducible in 1 of 5 mice
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• intracardiac pacing shows that mice are susceptible to various inducible arrhythmias
• mice show arrhythmias at programmed electrical stimulation baseline, including atrioventricular block in 3 of 5 mice, and afterdepolarizations in 3 of 5 mice that are either present simultaneously or separately
• 2 of 5 mice show premature atrial complexes at programmed electrical stimulation baseline
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• optical mapping shows delays in activation and propagation of conduction, prolonged action potential duration and decreased ventricular conduction velocity
• however, mice show no differences in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, or morphological differences, indicating that contractility is not affected
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• pacing in hearts shows atrioventricular block in 3 of 5 mice
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• intracardiac pacing indicates delays in sinoatrial node function, prolonged atrioventricular effective refractory period, and various inducible arrhythmias
• mice exhibit sinus bradycardia at programmed electrical stimulation baseline, with 4 of 5 mice showing either premature atrial complexes, sinus pause, or spontaneous reversion from bradycardia
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• variability in corrected QT interval
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• in vivo intracardiac pacing on anesthetized mutants shows delays in sinoatrial node function and prolonged atrioventricular effective refractory period
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