Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• starting at around 3 weeks of age, mice show a failure to thrive with variable onset that leads to death, with only 30% of mice surviving past 8 weeks of age
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behavior/neurological
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• mice show decreased exercise capacity at P30, with mice tiring very quickly in an acute speed test and spending more time on the resting plate
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craniofacial
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• mice exhibit a more acutely angled cranial base at 4 weeks of age but not at P14 or P21
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• mice present with a shorter, more acute-angled cranial base
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• lengths of the posterior and anterior frontal complex are reduced
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• 4-week old mice exhibit a shorter basispenoid which is not seen at P14 or P21
• however, lengths of basioccipital, presphenoid, and ethmoid bones are not changed
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• mice show increased frontal bossing and a change to frontal bossing angle at 1 month of age
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• mice show depressed nasal bones and changes to nasal depression angle at 1 month of age
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• length, but not width, of the nasal bones is reduced
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• turbinate development appears disturbed, with reduced branching and ossification, and slight swelling of turbinate soft tissue bilaterally at P14; swelling and reduced turbinate branching are more noticeable at P30
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• difference in facial length becomes significant at P21 due to reduced facial growth between the 2- and 3-week time points
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• nasal airway obstruction
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• all mice develop nasal septum deviation by P30, with variable extent, shape, direction and location and degree of deviation
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• mice show a more acute-angled snout at 1 month of age
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• mice show a midfacial depression of varying degree from about 2 weeks of age and develop midfacial hypoplasia that becomes prominent around P21
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growth/size/body
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• mice show increased frontal bossing and a change to frontal bossing angle at 1 month of age
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• mice show depressed nasal bones and changes to nasal depression angle at 1 month of age
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• length, but not width, of the nasal bones is reduced
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• turbinate development appears disturbed, with reduced branching and ossification, and slight swelling of turbinate soft tissue bilaterally at P14; swelling and reduced turbinate branching are more noticeable at P30
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• difference in facial length becomes significant at P21 due to reduced facial growth between the 2- and 3-week time points
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• nasal airway obstruction
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• all mice develop nasal septum deviation by P30, with variable extent, shape, direction and location and degree of deviation
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• mice show a more acute-angled snout at 1 month of age
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• mice show a midfacial depression of varying degree from about 2 weeks of age and develop midfacial hypoplasia that becomes prominent around P21
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• mice show decreased exercise capacity at P30, with mice tiring very quickly in an acute speed test and spending more time on the resting plate
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• mice with apneas show a lower overall baseline body temperature due to greater body temperature individual variability and lower body temperature during hypoxia
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• delta oxygen, the difference in oxygen fraction in the inflow and outflow of the chamber, indicating oxygen consumption, is reduced in mice
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respiratory system
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• mice show depressed nasal bones and changes to nasal depression angle at 1 month of age
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• length, but not width, of the nasal bones is reduced
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• turbinate development appears disturbed, with reduced branching and ossification, and slight swelling of turbinate soft tissue bilaterally at P14; swelling and reduced turbinate branching are more noticeable at P30
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• nasal airway obstruction
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• all mice develop nasal septum deviation by P30, with variable extent, shape, direction and location and degree of deviation
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• short respiratory disruptions following a sigh is reduced, whereas prolonged post-sigh events (more than or two apneas following a sigh) are increased
• majority of respiratory disturbances develop following the development of craniofacial abnormalities
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• mice with apneas exhibit a lower baseline respiratory frequency and an increase in cycle duration of each respiratory event due to an increase in the inspiratory time
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• plethysmopgraphy shows that 50% of mice elicit a greater number of spontaneous apneas in normoxia
• presence of greater number of spontaneous apneas persists during hypoxia, as well as during the first minute of recovery to normoxia
• however, the presence of greater number of spontaneous apneas disappears during hyperoxia
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skeleton
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• mice exhibit a more acutely angled cranial base at 4 weeks of age but not at P14 or P21
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• mice present with a shorter, more acute-angled cranial base
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• lengths of the posterior and anterior frontal complex are reduced
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• 4-week old mice exhibit a shorter basispenoid which is not seen at P14 or P21
• however, lengths of basioccipital, presphenoid, and ethmoid bones are not changed
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• mice show increased frontal bossing and a change to frontal bossing angle at 1 month of age
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• mice show depressed nasal bones and changes to nasal depression angle at 1 month of age
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• length, but not width, of the nasal bones is reduced
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• turbinate development appears disturbed, with reduced branching and ossification, and slight swelling of turbinate soft tissue bilaterally at P14; swelling and reduced turbinate branching are more noticeable at P30
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| obstructive sleep apnea | DOID:0050848 |
OMIM:107650 |
J:302309 | |
