Analysis Tools
vision/eye
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• severe inflammation of the ocular surface is seen in 4 of 10 mice at 9 months of age or older; affects the tarsal plates and the meibomian glands within them
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blepharitis
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J:308387
)
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• progressive blepharitis which is manifested by swollen and inflamed eyelids
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• the iris becomes split at late stage of disease, leaving the posterior pigmented epithelium on the surface of the lens
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• posterior synechia is seen in early stage of disease and both anterior and posterior synechia is seen at late stages
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• deterioration of the conjunctiva
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• 4 of 5 mice show progressive deterioration of corneal integrity starting at 3 months of age; corneal surface abnormalities appear as opaque spots that eventually affect most of the exposed cornea
• corneal integrity declines progressively, leading to corneal erosions, large buildups of epithelium cells that protrude into the stroma layer, empty space between keratocytes and corneal collagen fibers, and large gaps compromising the stromal integrity
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• at severe stage of disease, mice develop neovascularization of the cornea
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• mice show irregular epithelium cells as early as 14 weeks of age
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• increase in the thickness of the cornea that is associated with the progressive disorganization of the laminar structure
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• mice show some granular deposits in the stroma layer as early as 14 weeks of age
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• corneal surface abnormalities appear as opaque spots that eventually affect most of the exposed cornea
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• instability of the tear film which shows shorter tear film break-up time; mice retain residual tear film in the inferior conjunctival sac of the eye
• impaired formation of the tear film lipid layer
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• although no delay in the eye-opening process is seen, the eyes remain partially covered by the eyelids
• tarsal plates show dilated central ducts, disproportional to their narrow orifices
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• slit-lamp examination of the lid tarsal plates shows long white marks at the papebral conjunctiva accompanied by telangiectasia; this long white shape is the meibomian gland central duct loaded with a large amount of high density accumulated material that causes meibomian gland duct plugging
• persistent obstruction of the orifice and excitatory duct, hyperkeratinization of the epithelium, ductal epithelium becomes highly cornified, and the central duct fills with accumulated eosinophilic material
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• progressive degeneration of meibomian glands
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• secretory acini become smaller as evident by a decreased number of meibocytes
• continuous secretion of lipids in the acini
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• mice show extensive wiping of the eyes and front of the head, repetitive scratching of cheeks and ears and restlessness
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• mice exhibit a white discharge present around the superior and inferior lid margins; this soft material originates from locations on the eyelids that appear to represent the orifices of the meibomian glands
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integument
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• atrophic sebocytes
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• slit-lamp examination of the lid tarsal plates shows long white marks at the papebral conjunctiva accompanied by telangiectasia; this long white shape is the meibomian gland central duct loaded with a large amount of high density accumulated material that causes meibomian gland duct plugging
• persistent obstruction of the orifice and excitatory duct, hyperkeratinization of the epithelium, ductal epithelium becomes highly cornified, and the central duct fills with accumulated eosinophilic material
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• progressive degeneration of meibomian glands
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• secretory acini become smaller as evident by a decreased number of meibocytes
• continuous secretion of lipids in the acini
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• skin shows smaller sebum-filled sebaceous glands even though the basaloid and germinative layer that gives rise to mature sebocytes is present indicating atrophic sebocytes
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• the meibomian gland central duct is loaded with a large amount of high density accumulated material that causes meibomian gland duct plugging
• meibomian gland duct plugging is bilateral and is evident in the second month of life in all mice
• however, initial maturation and lipid secretion function of the meibomian glands are intact
• lipid composition of meibum at 4 months of age indicates a greater than 95% reduction in the amount of wax ester species which is compensated by a nearly 6-fold increase in cholesteryl esters, and elevated levels of wax diesters and unesterified cholesterol
• long monosaturated chain fatty acids species (C26:1-C36:1) are about 10x more abundant in the meibum
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• mice show partial fur loss that mainly affects the dorsal side of the neck and hair is easily removed when pulled without force
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• patches of thickened epidermis are accompanied by the dilatation of hair follicles
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• skin shows patches of thickened epidermis
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• mice exhibit scaly and dry skin predominately on the tail and ears; these cutaneous abnormalities become apparent after 6 months of age
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scaly skin
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J:308387
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• mice exhibit scaly and dry skin predominately on the tail and ears; these cutaneous abnormalities become apparent after 6 months of age
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skin lesions
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J:308387
)
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• by 12 months of age, mice show occasional lesions in the ear skin
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• atrophic sebocytes
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• slit-lamp examination of the lid tarsal plates shows long white marks at the papebral conjunctiva accompanied by telangiectasia; this long white shape is the meibomian gland central duct loaded with a large amount of high density accumulated material that causes meibomian gland duct plugging
• persistent obstruction of the orifice and excitatory duct, hyperkeratinization of the epithelium, ductal epithelium becomes highly cornified, and the central duct fills with accumulated eosinophilic material
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• progressive degeneration of meibomian glands
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• secretory acini become smaller as evident by a decreased number of meibocytes
• continuous secretion of lipids in the acini
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• skin shows smaller sebum-filled sebaceous glands even though the basaloid and germinative layer that gives rise to mature sebocytes is present indicating atrophic sebocytes
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• the meibomian gland central duct is loaded with a large amount of high density accumulated material that causes meibomian gland duct plugging
• meibomian gland duct plugging is bilateral and is evident in the second month of life in all mice
• however, initial maturation and lipid secretion function of the meibomian glands are intact
• lipid composition of meibum at 4 months of age indicates a greater than 95% reduction in the amount of wax ester species which is compensated by a nearly 6-fold increase in cholesteryl esters, and elevated levels of wax diesters and unesterified cholesterol
• long monosaturated chain fatty acids species (C26:1-C36:1) are about 10x more abundant in the meibum
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immune system
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• inflammatory leukocyte infiltration is accompanied by the formation of lymphatic vessels within the cornea
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• severe inflammation of the ocular surface is seen in 4 of 10 mice at 9 months of age or older; affects the tarsal plates and the meibomian glands within them
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blepharitis
(
J:308387
)
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• progressive blepharitis which is manifested by swollen and inflamed eyelids
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muscle
cardiovascular system
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• at severe stage of disease, mice develop neovascularization of the cornea
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| dry eye syndrome | DOID:10140 | J:308387 | ||
