Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• 39.7% of mice are alive after puberty
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• postnatal survival is significantly extended on a mixed C57BL/6 x ICR genetic background
• Background Sensitivity: on a C57BL/6 background, all mice exhibit prepuberal death
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nervous system
hydrocephaly
(
J:322334
)
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• 35 of 58 prepubertal mice exhibit hydrocephaly
• however, mice that survive to adulthood show no hydrocephaly
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reproductive system
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• nearly all cauda epididymal sperm show tail abnormalities including short, bent, curled, thick or absent flagella
• in contrast, acrosome morphology is normal
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• sperm show a disorganized axoneme with outer dense fibers separated by microtubules, and absence of a nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), radial spokes and dynein arms
• although axoneme assembly occurs normally in early-stage round spermatids, microtubule structures become increasingly disordered during spermatid differentiation such that a normal axoneme structure is no longer present
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• sperm show absence of radial spokes
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• short or absent flagella are observed in the cauda epididymis
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• curled sperm flagella are observed
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• bent sperm flagella are observed
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• sperm lacking flagella of normal length are detected within the lumen of seminiferous tubules
• short or absent flagella are also observed in the cauda epididymis
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• decreased sperm counts are observed in the cauda epididymis
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• sperm head deformities are commonly observed
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• elongating spermatids show a long and narrow manchette distribution around the nucleus leading to nuclear deformation and amorphous sperm heads
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• sperm from the caput epididymis show complete absence of motility
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• although axoneme assembly occurs normally in early-stage round spermatids, microtubule structures become increasingly disordered during spermatid differentiation such that a normal axoneme structure is no longer present
• elongating spermatids show a long and narrow manchette distribution around the nucleus leading to nuclear deformation and amorphous sperm heads
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• when mated with wild-type female mice, adult males fail to sire any pups despite normal copulation
• however, gross testis morphology and average testis weight/body weight ratio are normal
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cellular
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• respiratory cilia are significantly shorter and lack nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) structure formation
• however, unlike sperm flagella, respiratory cilia maintain normal 9 + 2 microtubule, radial spoke and dynein arm structural arrangements
• immunofluorescence staining confirmed the absence of DRC1, DRC2 and DRC4 in respiratory tract cilia whereas RSPH9 signal intensity is unchanged, suggesting that the radial spoke structure is normal
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• nearly all cauda epididymal sperm show tail abnormalities including short, bent, curled, thick or absent flagella
• in contrast, acrosome morphology is normal
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• sperm show a disorganized axoneme with outer dense fibers separated by microtubules, and absence of a nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), radial spokes and dynein arms
• although axoneme assembly occurs normally in early-stage round spermatids, microtubule structures become increasingly disordered during spermatid differentiation such that a normal axoneme structure is no longer present
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• sperm show absence of radial spokes
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• short or absent flagella are observed in the cauda epididymis
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• curled sperm flagella are observed
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• bent sperm flagella are observed
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• sperm lacking flagella of normal length are detected within the lumen of seminiferous tubules
• short or absent flagella are also observed in the cauda epididymis
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• decreased sperm counts are observed in the cauda epididymis
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• sperm head deformities are commonly observed
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• elongating spermatids show a long and narrow manchette distribution around the nucleus leading to nuclear deformation and amorphous sperm heads
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• sperm from the caput epididymis show complete absence of motility
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• tracheal epithelial cells lacking the N-DRC structure exhibit abnormal ciliary motility
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respiratory system
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• respiratory cilia are significantly shorter and lack nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) structure formation
• however, unlike sperm flagella, respiratory cilia maintain normal 9 + 2 microtubule, radial spoke and dynein arm structural arrangements
• immunofluorescence staining confirmed the absence of DRC1, DRC2 and DRC4 in respiratory tract cilia whereas RSPH9 signal intensity is unchanged, suggesting that the radial spoke structure is normal
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• tracheal epithelial cells lacking the N-DRC structure exhibit abnormal ciliary motility
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growth/size/body
| N |
• mice that survive to adulthood do not exhibit decreased body size
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