behavior/neurological
• mice show a memory impairment during the object recognition task
• the impairment of memory is significantly restored by 13-cis retinoic acid administration in novel object recognition tests
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• in the Morris water maze, although mice swim as fast as wild-type mice, their escape time is longer after 4 days of training, indicating impaired spatial learning
• 13-cis retinoic acid treatment shortens the escape latencies in Morris water maze tasks
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cardiovascular system
• mice exhibit decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening indicating impaired cardiac function
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• echocardiogram shows decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening
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cellular
• murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit autophagic defects
• an excess of autophagosomes is seen in the hippocampus and heart tissues, indicating disruption of autophagic flux in the hippocampus and heart
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• reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are increased in hippocampus and heart
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homeostasis/metabolism
• murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit autophagic defects
• an excess of autophagosomes is seen in the hippocampus and heart tissues, indicating disruption of autophagic flux in the hippocampus and heart
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muscle
• mice exhibit decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening indicating impaired cardiac function
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nervous system
• the hippocampus CA1 region shows a reduction in spine density
• the reduction in spine density is rescued by treatment with 13-cis retinoic acid for 1 month
• however, no neuronal loss is seen in the hippocampus
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
Koolen de Vries syndrome | DOID:0050880 |
OMIM:610443 |
J:327464 |