Gene Expression Literature Summary

• Symbol: Gnrh1
• Name: gonadotropin releasing hormone 1
• ID: MGI:95789

140 matching records from 140 references.

Summary by Age and Assay: Numbers in the table indicate the number of results matching the search criteria.

Age	E10	E10.5	E11	E11.5	E12	E12.5	E13	E13.5	E14	E14.5	E15	E15.5	E16	E16.5	E17.5	E18.5	E19	E19.5	E	P
Immunohistochemistry (section)		1		18	3	43	3	34	2	51	7	20	1	17	16	17	1		6	64
In situ RNA (section)				5	1	9	1	8		7	1	3		5	5	4		1	2	14
Immunohistochemistry (whole mount)						1		2	1	1		1		1		1				3
RT-PCR	1	2	1	4	1	3	1	1	1	1						1				16
RNase protection																			1

Summary by Gene and Reference: Number indicates the number of results matching the search criteria recorded for each reference.
* Indicates detailed expression data entries available

Gnrh1  gonadotropin releasing hormone 1   (Synonyms: LHRH, LNRH)
Results	Reference
3	J:346780 Amato E Jr, Taroc EZM, Forni PE, Illuminating the terminal nerve: Uncovering the link between GnRH-1 neuron and olfactory development. J Comp Neurol. 2024 Mar;532(3):e25599
1*	J:86964 Andrieu D, Watrin F, Niinobe M, Yoshikawa K, Muscatelli F, Fernandez PA, Expression of the Prader-Willi gene Necdin during mouse nervous system development correlates with neuronal differentiation and p75NTR expression. Gene Expr Patterns. 2003 Dec;3(6):761-5
1	J:81143 Backman M, Machon O, Van Den Bout CJ, Krauss S, Targeted disruption of mouse Dach1 results in postnatal lethality. Dev Dyn. 2003 Jan;226(1):139-44
3*	J:199435 Barraud P, St John JA, Stolt CC, Wegner M, Baker CV, Olfactory ensheathing glia are required for embryonic olfactory axon targeting and the migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Biol Open. 2013 Jul 15;2(7):750-9
3	J:187456 Berghard A, Hagglund AC, Bohm S, Carlsson L, Lhx2-dependent specification of olfactory sensory neurons is required for successful integration of olfactory, vomeronasal, and GnRH neurons. FASEB J. 2012 Aug;26(8):3464-72
2*	J:161880 Bergman JE, Bosman EA, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM, Steel KP, Study of smell and reproductive organs in a mouse model for CHARGE syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Feb;18(2):171-7
3	J:112920 Bless E, Raitcheva D, Henion TR, Tobet S, Schwarting GA, Lactosamine modulates the rate of migration of GnRH neurons during mouse development. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Aug;24(3):654-60
4	J:321502 Camera M, Russo I, Zamboni V, Ammoni A, Rando S, Morellato A, Cimino I, Angelini C, Giacobini P, Oleari R, Amoruso F, Cariboni A, Franceschini I, Turco E, Defilippi P, Merlo GR, p140Cap Controls Female Fertility in Mice Acting via Glutamatergic Afference on Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:744693
5	J:222928 Cariboni A, Andre V, Chauvet S, Cassatella D, Davidson K, Caramello A, Fantin A, Bouloux P, Mann F, Ruhrberg C, Dysfunctional SEMA3E signaling underlies gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron deficiency in Kallmann syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2015 Jun;125(6):2413-28
4	J:187711 Cariboni A, Andrews WD, Memi F, Ypsilanti AR, Zelina P, Chedotal A, Parnavelas JG, Slit2 and Robo3 modulate the migration of GnRH-secreting neurons. Development. 2012 Sep;139(18):3326-31
6	J:175836 Cariboni A, Davidson K, Dozio E, Memi F, Schwarz Q, Stossi F, Parnavelas JG, Ruhrberg C, VEGF signalling controls GnRH neuron survival via NRP1 independently of KDR and blood vessels. Development. 2011 Sep;138(17):3723-33
3*	J:166892 Cariboni A, Davidson K, Rakic S, Maggi R, Parnavelas JG, Ruhrberg C, Defective gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron migration in mice lacking SEMA3A signalling through NRP1 and NRP2: implications for the aetiology of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Jan 15;20(2):336-44
1	J:245758 Carreno G, Apps JR, Lodge EJ, Panousopoulos L, Haston S, Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Hahn H, Andoniadou CL, Martinez-Barbera JP, Hypothalamic sonic hedgehog is required for cell specification and proliferation of LHX3/LHX4 pituitary embryonic precursors. Development. 2017 Sep 15;144(18):3289-3302
2	J:339840 Causeret F, Fayon M, Moreau MX, Ne E, Oleari R, Parras C, Cariboni A, Pierani A, Diversity within olfactory sensory derivatives revealed by the contribution of Dbx1 lineages. J Comp Neurol. 2023 Aug;531(12):1229-1243
2	J:333704 Chachlaki K, Messina A, Delli V, Leysen V, Maurnyi C, Huber C, Ternier G, Skrapits K, Papadakis G, Shruti S, Kapanidou M, Cheng X, Acierno J, Rademaker J, Rasika S, Quinton R, Niedziela M, L'Allemand D, Pignatelli D, Dirlewander M, Lang-Muritano M, Kempf P, Catteau-Jonard S, Niederlander NJ, Ciofi P, Tena-Sempere M, Garthwaite J, Storme L, Avan P, Hrabovszky E, Carleton A, Santoni F, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V, NOS1 mutations cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with sensory and cognitive deficits that can be reversed in infantile mice. Sci Transl Med. 2022 Oct 5;14(665):eabh2369
1	J:249002 Cheung LYM, Okano H, Camper SA, Sox21 deletion in mice causes postnatal growth deficiency without physiological disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine axes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:213-223
2*	J:310863 Cho HJ, Shan Y, Whittington NC, Wray S, Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019;7:121
4	J:141766 Chung WC, Moyle SS, Tsai PS, Fibroblast growth factor 8 signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is required for the emergence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Endocrinology. 2008 Oct;149(10):4997-5003
2*	J:235891 Cimino I, Casoni F, Liu X, Messina A, Parkash J, Jamin SP, Catteau-Jonard S, Collier F, Baroncini M, Dewailly D, Pigny P, Prescott M, Campbell R, Herbison AE, Prevot V, Giacobini P, Novel role for anti-Mullerian hormone in the regulation of GnRH neuron excitability and hormone secretion. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 12;7:10055
1	J:217401 Clarkson J, Busby ER, Kirilov M, Schutz G, Sherwood NM, Herbison AE, Sexual differentiation of the brain requires perinatal kisspeptin-GnRH neuron signaling. J Neurosci. 2014 Nov 12;34(46):15297-305
7	J:127370 Cogliati T, Delgado-Romero P, Norwitz ER, Guduric-Fuchs J, Kaiser UB, Wray S, Kirsch IR, Pubertal Impairment in Nhlh2 Null Mice Is Associated with Hypothalamic and Pituitary Deficiencies. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Dec;21(12):3013-3027
5	J:146988 Constantin S, Caligioni CS, Stojilkovic S, Wray S, Kisspeptin-10 facilitates a plasma membrane-driven calcium oscillator in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 neurons. Endocrinology. 2009 Mar;150(3):1400-12
2	J:80220 Corradi A, Croci L, Broccoli V, Zecchini S, Previtali S, Wurst W, Amadio S, Maggi R, Quattrini A, Consalez GG, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and peripheral neuropathy in Ebf2-null mice. Development. 2003 Jan;130(2):401-10
1	J:310452 Dairaghi L, Flannery E, Giacobini P, Saglam A, Saadi H, Constantin S, Casoni F, Howell BW, Wray S, Reelin Can Modulate Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons via the Canonical Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:228
2	J:58438 Deiner MS, Sretavan DW, Altered midline axon pathways and ectopic neurons in the developing hypothalamus of netrin-1- and DCC-deficient mice. J Neurosci. 1999 Nov 15;19(22):9900-12
5*	J:47986 Dellovade TL, Pfaff DW, Schwanzel-Fukuda M, The gonadotropin-releasing hormone system does not develop in Small-Eye (Sey) mouse phenotype. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1998 May 15;107(2):233-40
1	J:223236 Di Sante G, Wang L, Wang C, Jiao X, Casimiro MC, Chen K, Pestell TG, Yaman I, Di Rocco A, Sun X, Horio Y, Powell MJ, He X, McBurney MW, Pestell RG, Sirt1-deficient mice have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to defective GnRH neuronal migration. Mol Endocrinol. 2015 Feb;29(2):200-12
1	J:253696 Feng S, Xing C, Shen T, Qiao Y, Wang R, Chen J, Liao J, Lu Z, Yang X, Abd-Allah SM, Li J, Jing N, Tang K, Abnormal Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus and Growth Retardation Associated with Loss of Nuclear Receptor Gene COUP-TFII. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 13;7(1):5282
1	J:204657 Forni PE, Bharti K, Flannery EM, Shimogori T, Wray S, The indirect role of fibroblast growth factor-8 in defining neurogenic niches of the olfactory/GnRH systems. J Neurosci. 2013 Dec 11;33(50):19620-34
7	J:168231 Forni PE, Fornaro M, Guenette S, Wray S, A role for FE65 in controlling GnRH-1 neurogenesis. J Neurosci. 2011 Jan 12;31(2):480-91
2	J:171903 Forni PE, Taylor-Burds C, Melvin VS, Williams T, Wray S, Neural Crest and Ectodermal Cells Intermix in the Nasal Placode to Give Rise to GnRH-1 Neurons, Sensory Neurons, and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells. J Neurosci. 2011 May 4;31(18):6915-27
2	J:268511 Fujiyama T, Miyashita S, Tsuneoka Y, Kanemaru K, Kakizaki M, Kanno S, Ishikawa Y, Yamashita M, Owa T, Nagaoka M, Kawaguchi Y, Yanagawa Y, Magnuson MA, Muratani M, Shibuya A, Nabeshima YI, Yanagisawa M, Funato H, Hoshino M, Forebrain Ptf1a Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain. Cell Rep. 2018 Jul 3;24(1):79-94
3*	J:98364 Gamble JA, Karunadasa DK, Pape JR, Skynner MJ, Todman MG, Bicknell RJ, Allen JP, Herbison AE, Disruption of ephrin signaling associates with disordered axophilic migration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. J Neurosci. 2005 Mar 23;25(12):3142-50
1	J:193680 Geller S, Kolasa E, Tillet Y, Duittoz A, Vaudin P, Olfactory ensheathing cells form the microenvironment of migrating GnRH-1 neurons during mouse development. Glia. 2013 Apr;61(4):550-66
1	J:81465 Giacobini P, Giampietro C, Fioretto M, Maggi R, Cariboni A, Perroteau I, Fasolo A, Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor facilitates migration of GN-11 immortalized LHRH neurons. Endocrinology. 2002 Sep;143(9):3306-15
2	J:96891 Giacobini P, Kopin AS, Beart PM, Mercer LD, Fasolo A, Wray S, Cholecystokinin modulates migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 neurons. J Neurosci. 2004 May 19;24(20):4737-48
3	J:141067 Giacobini P, Messina A, Morello F, Ferraris N, Corso S, Penachioni J, Giordano S, Tamagnone L, Fasolo A, Semaphorin 4D regulates gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone-1 neuronal migration through PlexinB1-Met complex. J Cell Biol. 2008 Nov 3;183(3):555-66
1*	J:136699 Giacobini P, Wray S, Prenatal expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the central nervous system (CNS) of mouse. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jun 13;438(1):96-101
5	J:99936 Givens ML, Rave-Harel N, Goonewardena VD, Kurotani R, Berdy SE, Swan CH, Rubenstein JL, Robert B, Mellon PL, Developmental regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by the MSX and DLX homeodomain protein families. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 13;280(19):19156-65
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3	J:83684 Heger S, Seney M, Bless E, Schwarting GA, Bilger M, Mungenast A, Ojeda SR, Tobet SA, Overexpression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons disrupts migratory fate and female reproductive function in mice. Endocrinology. 2003 Jun;144(6):2566-79
5	J:285939 Hoffmann HM, Larder R, Lee JS, Hu RJ, Trang C, Devries BM, Clark DD, Mellon PL, Differential CRE Expression in Lhrh-cre and GnRH-cre Alleles and the Impact on Fertility in Otx2-Flox Mice. Neuroendocrinology. 2019;108(4):328-342
4	J:231756 Hoffmann HM, Trang C, Gong P, Kimura I, Pandolfi EC, Mellon PL, Deletion of Vax1 from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Abolishes GnRH Expression and Leads to Hypogonadism and Infertility. J Neurosci. 2016 Mar 23;36(12):3506-18
3*	J:240579 Howard SR, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G, Mancini A, David A, Storr HL, Metherell LA, Sternberg MJ, Cabrera CP, Warren HR, Barnes MR, Quinton R, de Roux N, Young J, Guiochon-Mantel A, Wehkalampi K, Andre V, Gothilf Y, Cariboni A, Dunkel L, IGSF10 mutations dysregulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration resulting in delayed puberty. EMBO Mol Med. 2016 Jun;8(6):626-42
1	J:333827 Huang C, Zhao S, Yang Y, Guo T, Ke H, Mi X, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Zhao S, TP63 gain-of-function mutations cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing oocyte apoptosis. J Clin Invest. 2023 Mar 1;133(5)
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4	J:191667 Jayakody SA, Andoniadou CL, Gaston-Massuet C, Signore M, Cariboni A, Bouloux PM, Le Tissier P, Pevny LH, Dattani MT, Martinez-Barbera JP, SOX2 regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary axis at multiple levels. J Clin Invest. 2012 Oct 1;122(10):3635-46
3	J:257035 Kim YJ, Osborn DP, Lee JY, Araki M, Araki K, Mohun T, Kansakoski J, Brandstack N, Kim HT, Miralles F, Kim CH, Brown NA, Kim HG, Martinez-Barbera JP, Ataliotis P, Raivio T, Layman LC, Kim SH, WDR11-mediated Hedgehog signalling defects underlie a new ciliopathy related to Kallmann syndrome. EMBO Rep. 2018 Feb;19(2):269-289
1*	J:261765 Knoll JG, Clay CM, Bouma GJ, Henion TR, Schwarting GA, Millar RP, Tobet SA, Developmental profile and sexually dimorphic expression of kiss1 and kiss1r in the fetal mouse brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013;4:140
5*	J:63183 Kramer PR, Guerrero G, Krishnamurthy R, Mitchell PJ, Wray S, Ectopic expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and peripherin in the respiratory epithelium of mice lacking transcription factor AP-2alpha. Mech Dev. 2000 Jun;94(1-2):79-94
6*	J:61910 Kramer PR, Krishnamurthy R, Mitchell PJ, Wray S, Transcription factor activator protein-2 is required for continued luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone expression in the forebrain of developing mice. Endocrinology. 2000 May;141(5):1823-38
2	J:63404 Kramer PR, Wray S, Novel gene expressed in nasal region influences outgrowth of olfactory axons and migration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons. Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 15;14(14):1824-34
3*	J:65758 Kramer PR, Wray S, Midline nasal tissue influences nestin expression in nasal-placode-derived luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons during development. Dev Biol. 2000 Nov 15;227(2):343-57
4	J:93303 Kruger M, Ruschke K, Braun T, NSCL-1 and NSCL-2 synergistically determine the fate of GnRH-1 neurons and control necdin gene expression. EMBO J. 2004 Nov 27;23(21):4353-64
6	J:207602 Kumar D, Freese M, Drexler D, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Marquardt A, Boehm U, Murine arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons communicate with GnRH neurons in utero. J Neurosci. 2014 Mar 5;34(10):3756-66
5	J:226927 Kumar D, Periasamy V, Freese M, Voigt A, Boehm U, In Utero Development of Kisspeptin/GnRH Neural Circuitry in Male Mice. Endocrinology. 2015 Sep;156(9):3084-90
1*	J:195887 Larco DO, Cho-Clark M, Mani SK, Wu TJ, The metabolite GnRH-(1-5) inhibits the migration of immortalized GnRH neurons. Endocrinology. 2013 Feb;154(2):783-95
3	J:168233 Larder R, Clark DD, Miller NL, Mellon PL, Hypothalamic dysregulation and infertility in mice lacking the homeodomain protein Six6. J Neurosci. 2011 Jan 12;31(2):426-38
1*	J:48801 Lawson MA, Mellon PL, Expression of GATA-4 in migrating gonadotropin-releasing neurons of the developing mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998 May 25;140(1-2):157-61
4	J:174086 Layman WS, Hurd EA, Martin DM, Reproductive dysfunction and decreased GnRH neurogenesis in a mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Aug 15;20(16):3138-50
2	J:237344 Lee B, Lee S, Lee SK, Lee JW, The LIM-homeobox transcription factor Isl1 plays crucial roles in the development of multiple arcuate nucleus neurons. Development. 2016 Oct 15;143(20):3763-3773
3	J:133906 Lee JM, Tiong J, Maddox DM, Condie BG, Wray S, Temporal migration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-1 neurones is modified in GAD67 knockout mice. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008 Jan;20(1):93-103
1	J:220325 Lemaire LA, Goulley J, Kim YH, Carat S, Jacquemin P, Rougemont J, Constam DB, Grapin-Botton A, Bicaudal C1 promotes pancreatic NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitor differentiation and ductal morphogenesis. Development. 2015 Mar 1;142(5):858-70
4	J:343285 Lettieri A, Oleari R, van den Munkhof MH, van Battum EY, Verhagen MG, Tacconi C, Spreafico M, Paganoni AJJ, Azzarelli R, Andre' V, Amoruso F, Palazzolo L, Eberini I, Dunkel L, Howard SR, Fantin A, Pasterkamp RJ, Cariboni A, SEMA6A drives GnRH neuron-dependent puberty onset by tuning median eminence vascular permeability. Nat Commun. 2023 Dec 7;14(1):8097
1	J:226939 Li R, Diao H, Zhao F, Xiao S, El Zowalaty AE, Dudley EA, Mattson MP, Ye X, Olfactomedin 1 Deficiency Leads to Defective Olfaction and Impaired Female Fertility. Endocrinology. 2015 Sep;156(9):3344-57
1	J:279721 Linscott ML, Chung WCJ, TET1 regulates fibroblast growth factor 8 transcription in gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0220530
1	J:120902 Magni P, Dozio E, Ruscica M, Watanobe H, Cariboni A, Zaninetti R, Motta M, Maggi R, Leukemia inhibitory factor induces the chemomigration of immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through the independent activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 May;21(5):1163-74
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3	J:277709 Malone SA, Papadakis GE, Messina A, Mimouni NEH, Trova S, Imbernon M, Allet C, Cimino I, Acierno J, Cassatella D, Xu C, Quinton R, Szinnai G, Pigny P, Alonso-Cotchico L, Masgrau L, Marechal JD, Prevot V, Pitteloud N, Giacobini P, Defective AMH signaling disrupts GnRH neuron development and function and contributes to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Elife. 2019 Jul 10;8:e47198
3	J:308970 Mancini A, Howard SR, Marelli F, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Sternberg MJ, Leprovots M, Hadjidemetriou I, Monti E, David A, Wehkalampi K, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Vezzoli V, Vassart G, Cariboni A, Bonomi M, Garcia MI, Guasti L, Dunkel L, LGR4 deficiency results in delayed puberty through impaired Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. JCI Insight. 2020 Jun 4;5(11)
3	J:242704 Marcos S, Monnier C, Rovira X, Fouveaut C, Pitteloud N, Ango F, Dode C, Hardelin JP, Defective signaling through plexin-A1 compromises the development of the peripheral olfactory system and neuroendocrine reproductive axis in mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2017 Jun 01;26(11):2006-2017
2*	J:107587 Matsumoto S, Yamazaki C, Masumoto KH, Nagano M, Naito M, Soga T, Hiyama H, Matsumoto M, Takasaki J, Kamohara M, Matsuo A, Ishii H, Kobori M, Katoh M, Matsushime H, Furuichi K, Shigeyoshi Y, Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Mar 14;103(11):4140-5
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4	J:204198 Memi F, Abe P, Cariboni A, MacKay F, Parnavelas JG, Stumm R, CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) affects the migration of GnRH neurons by regulating CXCL12 availability. J Neurosci. 2013 Oct 30;33(44):17527-37
5	J:177773 Messina A, Ferraris N, Wray S, Cagnoni G, Donohue DE, Casoni F, Kramer PR, Derijck AA, Adolfs Y, Fasolo A, Pasterkamp RJ, Giacobini P, Dysregulation of Semaphorin7A/beta1-integrin signaling leads to defective GnRH-1 cell migration, abnormal gonadal development and altered fertility. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Dec 15;20(24):4759-74
3	J:235013 Messina A, Langlet F, Chachlaki K, Roa J, Rasika S, Jouy N, Gallet S, Gaytan F, Parkash J, Tena-Sempere M, Giacobini P, Prevot V, A microRNA switch regulates the rise in hypothalamic GnRH production before puberty. Nat Neurosci. 2016 Jun;19(6):835-44
2	J:168181 Metz H, Wray S, Use of mutant mouse lines to investigate origin of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 neurons: lineage independent of the adenohypophysis. Endocrinology. 2010 Feb;151(2):766-73
2*	J:143569 Miller NL, Wevrick R, Mellon PL, Necdin, a Prader-Willi syndrome candidate gene, regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons during development. Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Jan 15;18(2):248-60
1*	J:264529 Miller SR, Benito C, Mirsky R, Jessen KR, Baker CVH, Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration. Genesis. 2018 Jun;56(6-7):e23215
2*	J:203635 Miraoui H, Dwyer AA, Sykiotis GP, Plummer L, Chung W, Feng B, Beenken A, Clarke J, Pers TH, Dworzynski P, Keefe K, Niedziela M, Raivio T, Crowley WF Jr, Seminara SB, Quinton R, Hughes VA, Kumanov P, Young J, Yialamas MA, Hall JE, Van Vliet G, Chanoine JP, Rubenstein J, Mohammadi M, Tsai PS, Sidis Y, Lage K, Pitteloud N, Mutations in FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, and FLRT3 are identified in individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 May 2;92(5):725-43
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1*	J:178520 Navarro VM, Gottsch ML, Wu M, Garcia-Galiano D, Hobbs SJ, Bosch MA, Pinilla L, Clifton DK, Dearth A, Ronnekleiv OK, Braun RE, Palmiter RD, Tena-Sempere M, Alreja M, Steiner RA, Regulation of NKB pathways and their roles in the control of Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the male mouse. Endocrinology. 2011 Nov;152(11):4265-75
3	J:284151 Oleari R, Caramello A, Campinoti S, Lettieri A, Ioannou E, Paganoni A, Fantin A, Cariboni A, Ruhrberg C, PLXNA1 and PLXNA3 cooperate to pattern the nasal axons that guide gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Development. 2019 Nov 5;146(21):dev176461
1	J:335132 Oleari R, Lettieri A, Manzini S, Paganoni A, Andre V, Grazioli P, Busnelli M, Duminuco P, Vitobello A, Philippe C, Bizaoui V, Storr HL, Amoruso F, Memi F, Vezzoli V, Massa V, Scheiffele P, Howard SR, Cariboni A, Autism-linked NLGN3 is a key regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. Dis Model Mech. 2023 Mar 1;16(3)
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