Grem1 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:1344337 - gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist

Symbol

Grem1
Name

gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
Synonyms

Cktsf1b1, Drm, Grem, gremlin

Feature Type

protein coding gene
IDs

MGI:1344337
NCBI Gene: 23892
Alliance

genome feature page
Transcription Start Sites

4 TSS
Regulated by

Rr290, Rr289, Rr288 ... (8 regulatory regions)

Sequence Map

Chr2:113579020-113588993 bp, - strand
From NCBI annotation of GRCm39
View this region in JBrowse
Genome Browsers

Ensembl | UCSC | NCBI

Genetic Map

Chromosome 2, 57.43 cM
Mapping Data

2 experiments

SNPs within 2kb

316 from dbSNP Build 142
Strain Annotations

19
RFLP

1

For selected strains:

Strain	Gene Model ID	Feature Type	Coordinates
C57BL/6J	MGI_C57BL6J_1344337	protein coding gene	Chr2:113576509-113588993 (-)
129S1/SvImJ	ENSMUSG00200006687	protein coding gene	Chr2:110464394-110476881 (-)
A/J	ENSMUSG00195030237	protein coding gene	Chr2:110535155-110547652 (-)
AKR/J	ENSMUSG00220004786	protein coding gene	Chr2:110430731-110443188 (-)
BALB/cJ	ENSMUSG00180031789	protein coding gene	Chr2:110330386-110342884 (-)
C3H/HeJ	ENSMUSG00175028185	protein coding gene	Chr2:110768917-110781505 (-)
C57BL/6NJ	ENSMUSG00215025478	protein coding gene	Chr2:110478328-110490819 (-)
CAROLI/EiJ	MGP_CAROLIEiJ_G0024098	protein coding gene	Chr2:106660251-106673062 (-)
CAST/EiJ	ENSTCUG00005005396	protein coding gene	Chr2:109714343-109726819 (-)
CBA/J	ENSMUSG00210037020	protein coding gene	Chr2:110604310-110616799 (-)
DBA/2J	ENSMUSG00185038438	protein coding gene	Chr2:110326736-110339208 (-)
FVB/NJ	ENSMUSG00205013071	protein coding gene	Chr2:109585360-109597838 (-)
JF1/MsJ	ENSUMUG00000002583	protein coding gene	Chr2:110161361-110173950 (-)
LP/J	ENSMUSG00230003981	protein coding gene	Chr2:112126514-112138995 (-)
NOD/ShiLtJ	ENSMUSG00190015481	protein coding gene	Chr2:110565335-110577806 (-)
NZO/HlLtJ	ENSMUSG00225012587	protein coding gene	Chr2:120022899-120035396 (-)
PWK/PhJ	ENSLUMG00010002876	protein coding gene	Chr2:110085572-110098061 (-)
SPRET/EiJ	ENSMSPG00010031407	protein coding gene	Chr2:112344760-112354535 (-)
WSB/EiJ	ENSIUOG00005030903	protein coding gene	Chr2:110258394-110270847 (-)

Human Ortholog

GREM1, gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist

Vertebrate Orthologs

4

Vertebrate Orthology Source

Alliance of Genome Resources

Human Ortholog

GREM1, gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
Synonyms

C15DUPq, CKTSF1B1, CRAC1, CRCS4, DAND2, DRM, DUP15q, GREMLIN, HMPS, HMPS1, IHG-2, MPSH, PIG2
Links

HGNC:2001

NCBI Gene ID: 26585

UniProt: O60565
Chr Location

15q13.3; chr15:32716998-32745106 (+) GRCh38

MGI Vertebrate Homology

Grem1 stringent orthology
1 human;1 mouse;1 rat;2 zebrafish
HCOP

vertebrate homology predictions: GREM1
Protein SuperFamily

Gremlin_precursor
Gene Tree

Grem1

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Phenotype Summary

59 phenotypes from 6 alleles in 12 genetic backgrounds
14 phenotypes from multigenic genotypes
78 phenotype references

Phenotype Overview

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene.

adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	craniofacial	digestive/alimentary system	embryo	endocrine/exocrine glands	growth/size/body	hearing/vestibular/ear	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	integument	immune system	limbs/digits/tail	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system	pigmentation	renal/urinary system	reproductive system	respiratory system	skeleton	taste/olfaction	neoplasm	vision/eye

Click cells to view annotations.

All Mutations and Alleles

26
Chemically induced (other)

1
Endonuclease-mediated

9
Radiation induced

2
Spontaneous

1
Targeted

13
Genomic Mutations

2 involving Grem1
Incidental Mutations

Mutagenetix , APF
Find Mice (IMSR)

20 strains or lines available
Comparison Matrix

Gene Expression + Phenotype
Recombinase Activity

Comparison Matrix Gene Expression + Recombinase Activity

Homozygous null mice display neonatal lethality with bilateral agenesis of the kidneys and ureters, oligodactyly, limb skeletal malformations, cyanosis, dyspnea, and abnormal lung morphology.

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All GO Annotations

92
GO References

17

Molecular Function

carbohydrate derivative binding	cytoskeletal protein binding	DNA binding	enzyme regulator	hydrolase	ligase	lipid binding	oxidoreductase	RNA binding	signaling receptor activity	signaling receptor binding	transcription	transferase	transporter

Biological Process

carbohydrate derivative metabolism	cell differentiation	cell population proliferation	cellular component organization	DNA-templated transcription	establishment of localization	homeostatic process	immune system process	lipid metabolic process	programmed cell death	protein metabolic process	response to stimulus	signaling	system development

Cellular Component

cell projection	cytoplasmic vesicle	cytoskeleton	cytosol	endoplasmic reticulum	endosome	extracellular region	Golgi apparatus	mitochondrion	membraneless organelle	nucleus	organelle envelope	organelle lumen	plasma membrane	protein-containing complex	synapse	vacuole

Click cells to view annotations.

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Expression Overview

GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. Click on grid cells to view annotations.

Blue cells = expressed in wild-type.
Gray triangles = other expression annotations only
(e.g. absence of expression or data from mutants).

early conceptus	embryo ectoderm	embryo endoderm	embryo mesoderm	embryo mesenchyme	extraembryonic component	alimentary system	auditory system	branchial arches	cardiovascular system	connective tissue	endocrine system	exocrine system	hemolymphoid system	integumental system	limbs	liver and biliary system	musculoskeletal system	nervous system	olfactory system	reproductive system	respiratory system	urinary system	visual system

Click cells to view annotations.

Assay Results

1058
Tissues

117
cDNA Data

15
Literature Summary

171

Images

Tissue x Stage Matrix

Comparison Matrix

Gene Expression + Phenotype

Other Mouse Links

Allen Institute

GEO

Expression Atlas
Other Vertebrate Links

GEISHA GREM1

Xenbase grem1

ZFIN grem1a

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All Sequences

41
RefSeq

2
UniProt

3
CCDS

CCDS16560.1

Ensembl

ENSMUSG00000074934 (Evidence)
NCBI Gene

23892

			Length	Strain/Species	Flank
genomic	23892	NCBI Gene Model \| MGI Sequence Detail	9974	C57BL/6J	± kb
transcript	NM_011824	RefSeq \| MGI Sequence Detail	1639	Not Specified
polypeptide	O70326	UniProt \| EBI \| MGI Sequence Detail	184	Not Applicable

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UniProt

3 Sequences
Protein Ontology

PR:000008227 gremlin-1

(term hierarchy)
InterPro Domains

IPR006207 Cystine knot, C-terminal

IPR029034 Cystine-knot cytokine

IPR004133 DAN

IPR017159 Gremlin-1/2
GlyGen

O70326 1 site, 1 N-linked glycan (1 site)

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All nucleic 62

Genomic 3

cDNA 17

Primer pair 10

Other 32

Antibodies 1

Microarray probesets 4

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MGI:1344362

Summaries

All 293

Developmental Gene Expression 171

Gene Ontology 17

Phenotypes 78
Earliest

J:109968 Roderick TH, et al., Nineteen paracentric chromosomal inversions in mice. Genetics. 1974 Jan;76(1):109-17
Latest

J:390509 Huang BL, et al., A pivotal Wnt antagonist role promoting digit joint specification by constraining Wnt activity. Nat Commun. 2026 May 26;17(1)

Grem1 expression regulated by:

Feature	Feature Type	Location	Reference
Rr290, regulatory region 290	enhancer	Chr2:113227617-113228615	J:312378
Rr289, regulatory region 289	enhancer	Chr2:113270309-113271585	J:312378
Rr288, regulatory region 288	enhancer	Chr2:113327953-113328784	J:312378
Rr286, regulatory region 287	enhancer	Chr2:113411485-113412300	J:312378
Rr287, regulatory region 287	enhancer	Chr2:113435887-113436414	J:312378
Rr26, regulatory region 26	enhancer	Chr2:113471188-113471625	J:312378
Rr284, regulatory region 284	enhancer	Chr2:113504419-113505618	J:312378
Rr285, regulatory region 285	enhancer	Chr2:113521295-113524932	J:187726

TSS for Grem1:

(View these features in JBrowse)

Transcription Start Site	Location	Distance from Gene 5'-end
Tssr25645	Chr2:113588983-113589000 (-)	1 bp
Tssr25644	Chr2:113579443-113579449 (-)	9,547 bp
Tssr25643	Chr2:113579400-113579407 (-)	9,589 bp
Tssr25642	Chr2:113579218-113579265 (-)	9,751 bp

Contributing Projects: Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO)
Citing These Resources Funding Information Warranty Disclaimer, Privacy Notice, Licensing, & Copyright Send questions and comments to User Support.	last database update 09/01/2026 MGI 6.24